tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-39812816684955487112024-03-21T20:03:07.780-07:00EGR 393 BlogDepalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.comBlogger16125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-47644363695938317642016-04-20T05:56:00.002-07:002016-04-20T06:04:26.002-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;">Week 14</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">4/18/2016 - 4/22/2016:</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">1. Video of your RG group setup.</span><br />
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<span style="color: orange;">Below is a video of our group RG setup.</span><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/hYHEj2OL3Z8/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hYHEj2OL3Z8?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 1: This is a video our of group RG machine set up.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">2. Video of your RG group in action</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">a. Failed attempt</span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Below is a video of our RG machine failing. We ran into some issues with the way the dominoes were set up and a mousetrap was being difficult.</span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/9n5iGseE_pc/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9n5iGseE_pc?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 2: This is a video of our RG machine experiencing some technical difficulties.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">b. Successful attempt</span><br />
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<span style="color: orange;">Below is a video of our RG machine working properly. Hopefully it works this smoothly every time!</span><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/UUgHZp4lT-U/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/UUgHZp4lT-U?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 3: This is a video of our RG machine working as intended.</span></div>
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Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-30881391796882226872016-04-17T10:50:00.003-07:002016-04-18T01:21:18.103-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
Week 13:</div>
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4/11/2016 - 4/15/2016</div>
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Haowen's RB<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">1. Provide the updated computer drawing
for your individual RG setup.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7FRMaK0ekUhS6ohmHRqjQGgvzzErhQ0Q1RlishpJTWKX46Y_zW4MiPOvkIfk-xVIE-SjAUwNisTyxeAYkJ_S11SAiay28-imh6-8qWMUIYUlVYJwV-aq33idMn8st_RsS6hq0D0vt5ovP/s1600/circuit.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7FRMaK0ekUhS6ohmHRqjQGgvzzErhQ0Q1RlishpJTWKX46Y_zW4MiPOvkIfk-xVIE-SjAUwNisTyxeAYkJ_S11SAiay28-imh6-8qWMUIYUlVYJwV-aq33idMn8st_RsS6hq0D0vt5ovP/s320/circuit.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt; line-height: 115%;">2.Explain
your setup.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: blue;">First, my partner uses his RB drags a piece of paper so light will trigger photocell. Due to the input voltage is 10V, I use a resistor to divide the voltage which help me get 6V voltage. This 6V can trigger a relay which connect to a 5V power. 5V power can light four 7-segment display and show a word "COOL". Meantime, 555 timer, 74192 and 7447 can light another 7-segment display which will count number from 0 to 9. I use an and gate between 74192 and 7447 and connect it to input B and input C of the 7447. When both of this input have high value, the output of and gate will set into high position. And I connect a motor to this and gate. Through the truth table, when the number showed on the 7-segment is 7 or 8, the motor will spin. The motor ties to a column which holds another weight. When the motor spin and the column dragged by the motor, the weight will drop onto a mouse trip which will drag another paper. This paper cover another photocell. When light trigger this photocell, relay will have a zero output (pin 1 connect to ground) which will lead the and gate always has a low voltage output. So the motor will not spin after the mouse-trap is triggered.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">3. Provide photos of the circuit and
setup.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbWjcI-Irdq9dF_OoTQY7KImJu6iSQNikAp2nsaq_OiaYgvvRFDr98TswuP6Mr6Lvhbk8oz3VTv_hs8jtmIfVVzm677WViInFqz1WbD3MO44vBiQs85WYG-vdx566R1TQ3qROpRk_5NTqk/s1600/IMG_2059.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbWjcI-Irdq9dF_OoTQY7KImJu6iSQNikAp2nsaq_OiaYgvvRFDr98TswuP6Mr6Lvhbk8oz3VTv_hs8jtmIfVVzm677WViInFqz1WbD3MO44vBiQs85WYG-vdx566R1TQ3qROpRk_5NTqk/s320/IMG_2059.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Photo of my circuit.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">4. Provide at least 2 new videos of
your setup in action, one being </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt; line-height: 115%;">a failed attempt.</span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/-YXr5S4TFJ4/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-YXr5S4TFJ4?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe><br />
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video of a failed attempt</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ZVQiq0wq4Po/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZVQiq0wq4Po?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe><br />
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video of a succeed attempt</div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">My RG still needs some modifies because I still need my hand to move light source. However, I do not think this will be a problem since I can find more cellphone or small flashlight next time. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">5. What failures did you have? How did
you overcome them? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 23.3333px;">The first time I just used a paper rod to trigger the mouse-trap which did not have enough weight and sometimes the rob will fall down to some other sides rather than the central of the mouse-trap. So I attached another weight onto the rod which can trigger the mouse-trap perfectly and used two more paper to build a simple pathway. </span></span><br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 23.3333px;">GROUP TASKS</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 23.3333px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">6. Group task: Explain your group RG
setup. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">As a group our RG machine starts with Adam's machine and then moves into Haowen's machine. Adam's will have dominoes that will cause a mechanical motion to start Haowens which will trigger a mouse trap to power the next group's machines.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">7. Group task: Video of a test run of
your group RG<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 23.3333px;"> The video below is a test run of our RG machine. We ran into some technical difficulties on both of the machines. Adam's machine had difficulties pulling the note card in the correct direction and Haowen's machine did not trigger the mousetrap correctly. We will have everything fixed by the time we need to present to the class. </span><br />
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<span style="color: orange;">Video G1: This is a video of our group RG machine in action.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Adam's RG.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">1. Provide the updated computer drawing for your individual RG setup.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguHPAymI7LrqYydiCTCCfl2G-GwyDExS1TJZjXih1PQTvY5VNzVCnCdXoHVd7juDAG-Qlcw-cuyITT147pgenDzFNaofQ2aHYjIYrFvCLC1LnSA8exRwsuGB8t1K_rM8q57FXAyffjSryZ/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguHPAymI7LrqYydiCTCCfl2G-GwyDExS1TJZjXih1PQTvY5VNzVCnCdXoHVd7juDAG-Qlcw-cuyITT147pgenDzFNaofQ2aHYjIYrFvCLC1LnSA8exRwsuGB8t1K_rM8q57FXAyffjSryZ/s640/Capture.JPG" width="523" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue;">Picture 1: This is the new circuit diagram for my RG machine.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt; line-height: 26.8333px;">2.Explain your setup.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt; line-height: 115%;">My RG machine is activated by a brief amount of pressure applied to my force sensing resistor. This allows the relay to "switch over" from an LED light. The motor will then pull a string attached to a card that is in between an LED and a photocell resistor. After the motor has pulled the card and the force is done being applied to the resistor the relay switches back over and the LED is lit once again. The LED lowers the resistance of the photocell resistor which will then turn on another motor. This second motor will knock over dominoes that will eventually start my partners RG machine and fall in the way of my motor, preventing anymore motion.</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">3. Provide photos of the circuit and setup.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9PnnTRa-1mi_IuQc5zj9oGjYECcfJKOQGjCj_eztk6jC0PqnRgK8-w82uFzDxAM8rxQc9XXoIkJ5BTLyOUBbxX0Ln9h2HiUqT1IBG2OWBBhS7NX9Yb9YrqnKtrXJO4Av9f4j-HWHncRV-/s1600/IMG_3998.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9PnnTRa-1mi_IuQc5zj9oGjYECcfJKOQGjCj_eztk6jC0PqnRgK8-w82uFzDxAM8rxQc9XXoIkJ5BTLyOUBbxX0Ln9h2HiUqT1IBG2OWBBhS7NX9Yb9YrqnKtrXJO4Av9f4j-HWHncRV-/s320/IMG_3998.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue;">Picture 2: This is the circuitry of my RG machine</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguETXQum_pyZ6Yi05VCcXG4B2mKaHJhU2sW279pE0E_1YErF2z-4a8H54vdLi9oUV1T00t_A1KSzfjoeKYT0d_8GcuGfKNZP5WfCKV5cd3ocsJxgaMAYEnEy8T1ONWnXj0c3AMCzrHArv4/s1600/IMG_3999.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguETXQum_pyZ6Yi05VCcXG4B2mKaHJhU2sW279pE0E_1YErF2z-4a8H54vdLi9oUV1T00t_A1KSzfjoeKYT0d_8GcuGfKNZP5WfCKV5cd3ocsJxgaMAYEnEy8T1ONWnXj0c3AMCzrHArv4/s320/IMG_3999.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue;">Picture 3: These are the dominoes that will stop my machine and start Haowen's machine.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwTYzAzTnMGH3N4r9-OfED_Hifjf95VJwjDw9pbgYiAATVRyrlN3RDa6NB0-vrBVRang_Xzxva3EpPC8YImXcrFqN9Dh6FmqnoD-4q9FHkxbPLh6uWK_Kk9TglBnwOM6KO0uHtqu3reHgH/s1600/IMG_4001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwTYzAzTnMGH3N4r9-OfED_Hifjf95VJwjDw9pbgYiAATVRyrlN3RDa6NB0-vrBVRang_Xzxva3EpPC8YImXcrFqN9Dh6FmqnoD-4q9FHkxbPLh6uWK_Kk9TglBnwOM6KO0uHtqu3reHgH/s320/IMG_4001.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue;">Picture 4: This is a view of both the circuitry and the dominoes.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU96VPs7e0JNRCe89x5mngtdM2AjL4NDOQdJHjwZVtsCcH_lhZUedacN5ysf1XCPsspWrtdYG5nPVtdO0uwrA3bNPa7qhAX-E4HfYDfkBHnvL5EnsdTIV_kemd-IsuZj1ISbf7ACkmqWTb/s1600/IMG_4003.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU96VPs7e0JNRCe89x5mngtdM2AjL4NDOQdJHjwZVtsCcH_lhZUedacN5ysf1XCPsspWrtdYG5nPVtdO0uwrA3bNPa7qhAX-E4HfYDfkBHnvL5EnsdTIV_kemd-IsuZj1ISbf7ACkmqWTb/s320/IMG_4003.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue;">Picture 5: This is a wide view of my circuit and Haowen's before we attempted a group trial.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">4. Provide at least 2 new videos of your setup in action, one being a failed attempt.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;"><br /></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/BTF7Hp1nmU0/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/BTF7Hp1nmU0?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">Video 1: This video is a failed attempt of my RG machine.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">Video 2: This is a video of my RG machine set up. In this video the dominoes are not yet set up to stop my circuit and to power my partners.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">5. What failures did you have? How did you overcome them?</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">My failures mainly came from mechanical actions. Setting up the dominoes correctly took a lot of time because they frequently failed or were knocked over prematurely. As well as that, we ran out of string to use for our circuitry so we had to re use string that had already been spun by the motor. Because it was already spun, the string did not pull as predictably as it should have. To overcome these failures I brought in new string to work with and tried different ways to set up the dominoes.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 17.5pt;">For #6 and #7 please look above my post and beneath Haowen's post.</span></span></div>
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Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-57912119428197566702016-04-04T05:05:00.001-07:002016-04-11T05:08:36.873-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
Week 12: 04/04/2016 - 04/08/2016<br />
Haowen<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal;"> 1. </span>Provide the computer drawing for your individual RG setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS7Tyt39N76Ealz3me5vZ1iEy55FArg2hUvjMO9DWMu84epOWPa-tq9vdogV84UU1lwOpi4Ghxou9OrZ1NkW9qtSRuT7K9qA8TpShnKjQJ5g3A3bI4SgXPQRu0KYa49R-uWUgxEJHgEwzf/s1600/circuit.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS7Tyt39N76Ealz3me5vZ1iEy55FArg2hUvjMO9DWMu84epOWPa-tq9vdogV84UU1lwOpi4Ghxou9OrZ1NkW9qtSRuT7K9qA8TpShnKjQJ5g3A3bI4SgXPQRu0KYa49R-uWUgxEJHgEwzf/s320/circuit.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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Fig.1 Circuit of Haowen's Rb</div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal;"> 2. </span>Explain your setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: red;"> At first, I used a solar panel as the trigger of my circuit. Through some measurement I found the solar panel would generate a 200mV DC voltage. Then I connected it to an amplifier so that I could control a relay. When the other circuit powered by 5V voltage, four 7-segment display would show a word "COOL". At the same time, 555 timer would generate a clock. Through binary coded decimal counter and display driver, the remain 7-segment display would start counting numbers. I want to use an or gate and a motor at last. The motor would spin when the number is from 4 to 9. Next I would connect this motor to a paper mouse which could trigger a mouse-trap.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal;"> 3. </span>Provide photos of the circuit and setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwmZ6GX2fNjE7y2XHb-zS1UzZmT1zucLU5yIEwmdx65VgIYtsPeHC-WO5YWbCyuGaVVlZG4QM1zbYaZri0bZKjRXar_7QV8g487hA8aiAurjxa-Fwc96E3d2wH7Xy8byKdpAggzbzD6HhQ/s1600/IMG_2039.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwmZ6GX2fNjE7y2XHb-zS1UzZmT1zucLU5yIEwmdx65VgIYtsPeHC-WO5YWbCyuGaVVlZG4QM1zbYaZri0bZKjRXar_7QV8g487hA8aiAurjxa-Fwc96E3d2wH7Xy8byKdpAggzbzD6HhQ/s1600/IMG_2039.JPG" /></a></div>
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Photo.1 Circuit of Haowen's RB</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkA0ry5_fLsfaL79uaQ10emSl9OWe4idlIVY3CyTzrYfetzbG9-HtPUDwNE6qgkFp7YbvPYgafo65UL3mN7S37cE0yQIFQBMOZadXpIcOtfEsYEarvZ_JqY_HxhGHwJx-zP1BZwJw5zZXI/s1600/IMG_2033.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkA0ry5_fLsfaL79uaQ10emSl9OWe4idlIVY3CyTzrYfetzbG9-HtPUDwNE6qgkFp7YbvPYgafo65UL3mN7S37cE0yQIFQBMOZadXpIcOtfEsYEarvZ_JqY_HxhGHwJx-zP1BZwJw5zZXI/s1600/IMG_2033.JPG" /></a></div>
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Photo. 2 Voltage generated by solar panel and then amplified by OPAMP</div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal;"> 4. </span>Provide at least 2 videos of your setup in action, one being a failed attempt.<o:p></o:p><br />
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Video 1 Failed attemt</div>
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Vedio 2 Part of Haowen's RB</div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal;"> 5. </span>What failures did you have? How did you overcome them?</div>
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<span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: red;">The first time I did not use the relay to control the circuit. I wanted to use the voltage generated by solar panel support the whole circuit. It was easy to get a 5 volts voltage, however, when I connected this voltage to the remain circuit directly, the voltage would decrease into 2 volts. And if I used the power supply to replace this voltage, all things works well.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"> So I increased the gain of amplifier and got a 7 volts voltage which I could use to control the relay. When the circuit was working, the power supply would offer the input of the circuit. </span></div>
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<b>Adam</b></div>
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1. Provide the computer drawing for your individual RG setup.</div>
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<span style="color: red;">Picture 1 below is the picture for my individual RG setup.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikp0Y0PwzHa78wWCVGehyjZnmD0ohCm-L9Yx2bSNJtv-5UfbYmLiU2e-6ND7He8SQoDqp7ycdBFUY83mkK1VkAIreEU9-Cdo2GYQVL6IvzGQD8khePQyazDPv-j2axd_7e3wGL7XlnrWbB/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikp0Y0PwzHa78wWCVGehyjZnmD0ohCm-L9Yx2bSNJtv-5UfbYmLiU2e-6ND7He8SQoDqp7ycdBFUY83mkK1VkAIreEU9-Cdo2GYQVL6IvzGQD8khePQyazDPv-j2axd_7e3wGL7XlnrWbB/s400/Capture.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 1: This is Adam's Rube Goldberg set up.</span></td></tr>
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2. Explain your setup.</div>
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<span style="color: red;">My Rube Goldberg machine is a fairly simple set up. I have a voltage source that is going to a pressure sensor and then to a relay switch. When the pressure sensor has enough pressure on it, it will cause the relay switch to change which pin is its output. When this happens the LED light will turn off and the motor will spin. The motor will knock over a series of dominos that will trigger the next Rube Goldberg machine.</span></div>
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3. Provide photos of the circuit and the set up.</div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "tahoma" , "helvetica" , "freesans" , sans-serif;">Picture 2 shows a photo of my circuit below, however, it is incomplete. I do not yet have the dominoes set up to trigger the next circuit.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpKBxT-LFjTOdvY1DVpbjfhoNt359mqtnhz1QS8qgtdXe61PvTn5-EnyxcmrdOe7X-lK9fbF_reaYytJ9r1MowUfgsM8eMFp8RLu39fVRvSBPhM9Az5CLIQfYFEd0JgEtQFSgEY591Cu6g/s1600/IMG_3978.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpKBxT-LFjTOdvY1DVpbjfhoNt359mqtnhz1QS8qgtdXe61PvTn5-EnyxcmrdOe7X-lK9fbF_reaYytJ9r1MowUfgsM8eMFp8RLu39fVRvSBPhM9Az5CLIQfYFEd0JgEtQFSgEY591Cu6g/s400/IMG_3978.JPG" width="298" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 2: This is a setup of my circuit.</span></td></tr>
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4. Provide at least 2 videos of your setup in action, one being a failed attempt.</div>
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<span style="color: red;">Videos of my circuit are below. The first one shows a "successful" run of my set up. While I do not have the transitions yet, the circuit is working as is should be. The second video does not work as intended. I did not ground the motor in the second video and so I did not complete the circuit to get voltage.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Video 1: This is my "successful" Rube Goldberg attempt.</span></div>
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5. What failures did you have? How did you overcome them?</div>
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<span style="color: red;">I had many failures while working on my circuit. One of them being unable to trigger my circuit. I originally planned for a strain gauge to be used to trigger my circuit but was unable to get a large enough output from it. I also had issues with my circuitry being too complicated. I had to simplify my circuit down from previous ideas because I could not create a circuit that was able to work with the transitions between groups.</span></div>
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What failures did you have? How did you overcome them? </div>
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Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-9439992011519347902016-03-28T05:49:00.000-07:002016-04-04T04:58:24.770-07:00<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Week 11: 03/28/2016 –
04/02/2016<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Blog
sheet Week 11: Strain Gauges<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Part A: Strain Gauges:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Strain
gauges are used to measure the strain or stress levels on the materials.
Alternatively, pressure on the strain gauge causes a generated voltage and it
can be used as an energy harvester. You will be given either the flapping or
tapping type gauge. When you test the circle buzzer type gauge, you will lay it
flat on the table and tap on it. If it is the long rectangle one, you will flap
the piece to generate voltage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Connect the oscilloscope probes to
the strain gauge. Record the peak voltage values (positive and negative) by
flipping/tapping the gauge with low and high pressure. Make sure to set the oscilloscope
horizontal and vertical scales appropriately so you can read the values. DO NOT
USE the measure tool of the oscilloscope. Adjust your oscilloscope so you can
read the values from the screen. Fill out Table 1 and provide photos of the
oscilloscope.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Table
1: Strain gauge characteristics<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Flipping Strength</div>
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Minimum Voltage</div>
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Maximum Voltage</div>
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Low</div>
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-100mV</div>
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400mV</div>
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High</div>
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-1.20V</div>
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1.40V</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiETuoahqHLNMgFbJNrFA-pqilLXqlDye37wBUMA1s4ZczE7UPcQPyAgof8FKmwS8_iFGPE1Y3rJuQEvF31zw16ae2T6pMOt8hlrNAPQXNmN-fR9UUOlygcQgwNTpMquczPTeRZ7E23EU2i/s1600/IMG_3946.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiETuoahqHLNMgFbJNrFA-pqilLXqlDye37wBUMA1s4ZczE7UPcQPyAgof8FKmwS8_iFGPE1Y3rJuQEvF31zw16ae2T6pMOt8hlrNAPQXNmN-fR9UUOlygcQgwNTpMquczPTeRZ7E23EU2i/s320/IMG_3946.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 1: This is the output with a low pressure tap.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq9eM0DY2J5wpW0sy2Ey8dd8XuW9KxYRMa6hLI_eG0kA9BSNB92m_lcNAjDhY7PKO3yo46gplDsl-0ibdDpS_7kuy2kYr1btKRit7iCAhjTSd4PcKPqob6DQYA34mLpfqPU2PJeottT2rB/s1600/IMG_3942.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq9eM0DY2J5wpW0sy2Ey8dd8XuW9KxYRMa6hLI_eG0kA9BSNB92m_lcNAjDhY7PKO3yo46gplDsl-0ibdDpS_7kuy2kYr1btKRit7iCAhjTSd4PcKPqob6DQYA34mLpfqPU2PJeottT2rB/s320/IMG_3942.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 2: This is the output with a high pressure tap</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> 2. Press the Single button below the
Autoscale button on the oscilloscope. This mode will allow you to capture a
single change at the output. Adjust your time and amplitude scales so you have the
best resolution for your signal when you flip/tap your strain gauge. Provide a
photo of the oscilloscope graph. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Picture 3: A single tap of our strain gauge measured.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Part B: Half-Wave
Rectifiers<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Construct the following
half-wave rectifier. Measure the input and the output using the oscilloscope
and provide a snapshot of the outputs.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5F6GVvXhDn3uxBG5mQnhOS-9iPFr2hVS-CkuULvEhzizBsewShEVrNn-7S5M5YJam7GW-rkaRy07FzaBRiazDRVPDQXeqrPN9gRmh4NbmRrpIb-upJAuct8hSdXCPFz6R4Ur38jixA1qs/s1600/1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5F6GVvXhDn3uxBG5mQnhOS-9iPFr2hVS-CkuULvEhzizBsewShEVrNn-7S5M5YJam7GW-rkaRy07FzaBRiazDRVPDQXeqrPN9gRmh4NbmRrpIb-upJAuct8hSdXCPFz6R4Ur38jixA1qs/s400/1.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 4: This circuit is for the half wave rectifier.</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0UcGaJGchABicZnJfpQhQXLSBGseMQfkGbY7tnu8Hs7Me6kvUjNiElNYmU8aQSC7P0GA08IQFo7fSIIxHh5ZOE6hUyLDSb5jR4-vjtxqOFpvyD-VopV7wKv_1zrCoQ1phtluWDCw7R8IO/s1600/IMG_3934.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0UcGaJGchABicZnJfpQhQXLSBGseMQfkGbY7tnu8Hs7Me6kvUjNiElNYmU8aQSC7P0GA08IQFo7fSIIxHh5ZOE6hUyLDSb5jR4-vjtxqOFpvyD-VopV7wKv_1zrCoQ1phtluWDCw7R8IO/s320/IMG_3934.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Picture 5: The input to our half-wave rectifier circuit.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy9kQIJI1dIiK-_EzIbYDOR_s4SFczF0Yjw85ZkZHExFXZBX-IWOQnz47biRHplhSTxYmD3MBnq-dyGj6HkLfLF2ucnMP9BWSPRaxIUS28s8zllaBySFVRN5czIwpAG3joo_qOxNQxOA90/s1600/IMG_3935.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy9kQIJI1dIiK-_EzIbYDOR_s4SFczF0Yjw85ZkZHExFXZBX-IWOQnz47biRHplhSTxYmD3MBnq-dyGj6HkLfLF2ucnMP9BWSPRaxIUS28s8zllaBySFVRN5czIwpAG3joo_qOxNQxOA90/s320/IMG_3935.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Picture 6: The output to our half-wave rectifier circuit.</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Calculate the effective voltage of
the input and output and compare the values with the measured ones by
completing the following table.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">The table below has our calculations for the Half Wave Rectifier circuit. To calculate the input and we divided the voltage by 2squareroot2. To calculate the output we divided the voltage by squareroot2. Ideally the diode does not use any of the voltage so it is able to be 100% efficient. When we measured the results, we did not have the ideal efficiency.</span><br />
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<o:p><span style="color: red;">Table 2: Half Wave Rectifier Voltages </span></o:p></div>
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Effective (rms) Values</div>
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Calculated</div>
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Measured</div>
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Input</div>
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3.53V</div>
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3.64V</div>
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Output</div>
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3.53 V</div>
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2.99V</div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-stretch: normal;"> 3.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Construct the following circuit and record
the output voltage using both DMM and the oscilloscope.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp6AL9tpvrRCiuZq8kDsNXVs8BnNCzhAyPxol263fhgt-1PfTIpBttlI8qkUaHtHeu3yESRgVNy-yfVVdQRY4vaqQts3ZRQOSau0KgznpJC-I_-IUosj0oP5j0XQp0xerEV7VxmyGjjN5F/s1600/2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp6AL9tpvrRCiuZq8kDsNXVs8BnNCzhAyPxol263fhgt-1PfTIpBttlI8qkUaHtHeu3yESRgVNy-yfVVdQRY4vaqQts3ZRQOSau0KgznpJC-I_-IUosj0oP5j0XQp0xerEV7VxmyGjjN5F/s400/2.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 7: This is the half wave rectifier with a capacitor connected in parallel at the end,</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ4qsskFEku-SifT7IfDLZkH_tmVfv3JXPelZD5Md1fFVQzxe4_J75NcfkT_sZiG4PrvZeH05oCLTVn7JNO-SUAjhqiWkV3neE4M1wkW2ywAAqNA4zmwn5wQtysulnN6U3VRA9rvZ-JWZf/s1600/IMG_3937.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ4qsskFEku-SifT7IfDLZkH_tmVfv3JXPelZD5Md1fFVQzxe4_J75NcfkT_sZiG4PrvZeH05oCLTVn7JNO-SUAjhqiWkV3neE4M1wkW2ywAAqNA4zmwn5wQtysulnN6U3VRA9rvZ-JWZf/s320/IMG_3937.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 8: This is a picture of our output voltage from the Oscilloscope.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Table 3: This table displays our readings for the circuit shown in Picture 7.</span></div>
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Oscilloscope</div>
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Output Voltage (p-p)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.08V</div>
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Output Voltage (mean)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.67V</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-stretch: normal;">4. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Replace the 1 μF capacitor with 47 μF and repeat the previous step. What has changed?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">We did not have a 100 </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;">μF capacitor so we had to use a 47 </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;">μF capacitor for this part.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmusiC9wVecFsJ-IwY0mHV3z1_9sLsnDRzThBmuElW6qP68zzzJ5RyCYpajaRVxqp_uzvyxFijjprThUAOpTeJoFTPWQo2pMxhez3Ij6rtuXtLAMWpz3Gp8dpVzB8W0lW8CienJo1QO7Tq/s1600/IMG_3938.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmusiC9wVecFsJ-IwY0mHV3z1_9sLsnDRzThBmuElW6qP68zzzJ5RyCYpajaRVxqp_uzvyxFijjprThUAOpTeJoFTPWQo2pMxhez3Ij6rtuXtLAMWpz3Gp8dpVzB8W0lW8CienJo1QO7Tq/s320/IMG_3938.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 9: The oscilloscope readings of the previous circuit with a larger capacitor.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: -24px;"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red;">Table 4: This table displays our readings as shown in Picture 9.</span><br />
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<tbody>
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Oscilloscope</div>
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Output Voltage (p-p)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
320 mV</div>
</td>
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Output Voltage (mean)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.11V</div>
</td>
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</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Part C: Energy Harvesters<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Construct the half-wave rectifier
circuit without the resistor but with the 1 μF capacitor. Instead of the
function generator, use the strain gauge. Discharge the capacitor every time
you start a new measurement. Flip/tap your strain gauge and observe the output
voltage. Fill out the table below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJqk3erm5eictcSa45_3On7W90DjWoh5yR4r9wnjQQeLnoPU6KhxQ0yuvP9CwH0doNZXETtFxyiM6xDHQUS9uCjn8mMcfTLBYtmUYwGwdXBO6Be_9yRfc5viBrAQoKTM19uYuEOeg-U47o/s1600/IMG_3939.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJqk3erm5eictcSa45_3On7W90DjWoh5yR4r9wnjQQeLnoPU6KhxQ0yuvP9CwH0doNZXETtFxyiM6xDHQUS9uCjn8mMcfTLBYtmUYwGwdXBO6Be_9yRfc5viBrAQoKTM19uYuEOeg-U47o/s320/IMG_3939.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 10: This picture is the real life model of our constructed circuit.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;">Table 5: This table displays our data for tapping the strain gauge at different frequencies for different amounts of time.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div align="center">
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tap
Frequency<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Duration<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Output
Voltage<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
Tap/Second<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">10
Seconds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
390 mV</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
Tap/Second<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">20
Seconds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
650 mV</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1
Tap/Second<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">30
Seconds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.13 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4
Tap/Second<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">10
Seconds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.65 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4
Tap/Second<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">20
Seconds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.86 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4
Tap/Second<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">30
Seconds<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.20 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Briefly explain your results.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">We found that the longer and more frequently that you tap the strain gauge the higher output you have. However, the voltage had a maximum at roughly 2.20 Volts because of the size of the capacitor. Once it reached this voltage it began to discharge and then had to be recharged.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> 3. If we do not use the diode in the
circuit (i.e. using only strain gauge to charge the capacitor), what would you
observe at the output? Why?</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red;">When you do not use the diode in the circuit you cannot obtain higher voltage levels. Without the diode the electricity will be in AC and not DC and there will be a negative part to the wave that will not allow as large of an output. A photo of out results is below.</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf6J-O5Ka89t00V4aJWZsQo99H4eh4a1e8xsh_gQu2oP9vBj-P8cV6yO2l18fPSTcXF8fPtfc_1zi4AuF1yrI9W85fsz5WGf19Fa6Q1PM0aG_I_kxBNz3vM04fUXY4KmiqYRqZp0_XKaYR/s1600/IMG_3941.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf6J-O5Ka89t00V4aJWZsQo99H4eh4a1e8xsh_gQu2oP9vBj-P8cV6yO2l18fPSTcXF8fPtfc_1zi4AuF1yrI9W85fsz5WGf19Fa6Q1PM0aG_I_kxBNz3vM04fUXY4KmiqYRqZp0_XKaYR/s320/IMG_3941.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 11: This is the output when there is no diode in the circuit.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div>
Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-9746237811142816712016-03-21T05:04:00.002-07:002016-03-25T06:09:40.459-07:00<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Week
10: 3/21/2016 – 3/25/2016<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Blogsheet
week 10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">In
this week’s lab, you will collect more data on low pass and high pass filters
and process them using MATLAB.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><b>PART
A: MATLAB practice.<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Open MATLAB. Open the editor and
copy paste the following code. Name your code as FirstCode.m Save the resulting
plot as a JPEG image and put it here.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Our results are plotted below as graph 1.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">clear
all;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">close
all;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">x
= [1 2 3 4 5];<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">y
= 2.^x;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">plot(x,
y, 'LineWidth', 6)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">xlabel('Numbers',
'FontSize', 12)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">ylabel('Results',
'FontSize', 12)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs8bWgLLkYDNUKq2X2SQ3P9Wy5DbEcBaAVhajvAPgvRHHcGGlOtez181KPSKr4jbrnS2jTufssweDg0-4pSqCAkXrST96cb2EMtIff8yiM6cxIrS98BnOsYp0n5pAIpGcKJ1_DDy6DRfVm/s1600/%25231+picture.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs8bWgLLkYDNUKq2X2SQ3P9Wy5DbEcBaAVhajvAPgvRHHcGGlOtez181KPSKr4jbrnS2jTufssweDg0-4pSqCAkXrST96cb2EMtIff8yiM6cxIrS98BnOsYp0n5pAIpGcKJ1_DDy6DRfVm/s320/%25231+picture.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Graph 1: This is the plot to the code above.</span></td></tr>
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<br />
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">What does clear all do?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Clear all removes all variables from the current work space</span><br />
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">What does close all do?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Close all closes all figures in the current work space</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">In the command line, type x and
press enter. This is a matrix. How many rows and columns are there in the
matrix?<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">There are 5 columns and 1 row in the matrix. A picture is below.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsN7O9ivzom3GwG6est2juVtTK4TBdURrX0izu1nG8fFFn_0IQlq-J1rBnfEmkhHkYJt-ApRPPpLlop6z38SY4xsoTirM1tlFpw7RNNfnPjBEwCl_aOeb7O9UhMw3AmxbgQIlHxFfA3YJK/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsN7O9ivzom3GwG6est2juVtTK4TBdURrX0izu1nG8fFFn_0IQlq-J1rBnfEmkhHkYJt-ApRPPpLlop6z38SY4xsoTirM1tlFpw7RNNfnPjBEwCl_aOeb7O9UhMw3AmxbgQIlHxFfA3YJK/s400/Capture.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 1: This is a picture of what happens when you run X in the command line.</span></td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Why is there a semicolon at the end
of the line of x and y?<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">There is a semicolon to suppress the command. It prevents MATLAB from plotting the matrix x = [1 2 3 4 5]</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">6.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Remove the dot on the y = 2.^x; line
and execute the code again. What does the error message mean?<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">We got the error in the picture below. If you remove the dot X is not a matrix anymore and due to setting X as a matrix previously in the code it causes an error.</span><br />
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpcNJlmrXYaGzWZQmUwd7Y4WBGkf7ybo2heyAnE4Ek8ahFUxt3raVKR9Btcc7dr4wL9DZbZkhrbLYhF_UaeKSjLDqb9e-XK22ZG3EK35zaWun8r43-JNgN_NHxREu8s0Xc8tE9asJCOUu_/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="117" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpcNJlmrXYaGzWZQmUwd7Y4WBGkf7ybo2heyAnE4Ek8ahFUxt3raVKR9Btcc7dr4wL9DZbZkhrbLYhF_UaeKSjLDqb9e-XK22ZG3EK35zaWun8r43-JNgN_NHxREu8s0Xc8tE9asJCOUu_/s400/Capture.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 2: This is a picture of the error described in question 6.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">7.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">How does the LineWidth affect the
plot? Explain.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The LineWidth changes how thick the plot is. Below is a picture of the same code from #1 but with 'LineWidth', 10.</span><br />
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDX36a_MEFJDn-bkpSGhh3o0ZxPPHPFFCM6GI_Rubwydnhszv6SvYRogdxhSF5XR6SBDrmn2wHXlwcIaPYs7z5VT5fmTZKG62Vy2ed8dpa7K7cNgZofTg0nqvLdYtDc06ppnsO9o9WpwxA/s1600/week+10+%25237.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDX36a_MEFJDn-bkpSGhh3o0ZxPPHPFFCM6GI_Rubwydnhszv6SvYRogdxhSF5XR6SBDrmn2wHXlwcIaPYs7z5VT5fmTZKG62Vy2ed8dpa7K7cNgZofTg0nqvLdYtDc06ppnsO9o9WpwxA/s320/week+10+%25237.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Graph 2: This graph is identical to the one in question one, except that the line is thicker.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">8.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Type help plot on the command line
and study the options for plot command. Provide how you would change the line
for plot command to obtain the following figure (Hint: Like LineWidth, there is
another property called MarkerSize)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK2HaYWg5tl7f2E02wXQ3_gsX4rZLS7O64a5qoaFpttZPvyZW4IAZKHKZXTD1pnLzWUkMbJNP_VihqNwmPzkVfcoSLwBIHQ-QdkQU6Wx5xiiDd5mL2SACpB33-_o7wMHRML6IoukhUhJ_o/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK2HaYWg5tl7f2E02wXQ3_gsX4rZLS7O64a5qoaFpttZPvyZW4IAZKHKZXTD1pnLzWUkMbJNP_VihqNwmPzkVfcoSLwBIHQ-QdkQU6Wx5xiiDd5mL2SACpB33-_o7wMHRML6IoukhUhJ_o/s320/Capture.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Graph 3: This is the graph we are supposed to replicate for question 8.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">To change the code we adjusted the Linewidth, included MarkerSize, and MarkerEdgeColor. A picture of our code is below.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr8xAJ-pel2IkGxzXpekX4K4kcYsztWF3in_zf9emaqfpQh_TGfg9mOqWw6WSJcfAy85O3XMs2kgjdNdBBxEWpv6CiH81serR81nvaksnwlx7E_e4PZt_KOTkXKPXfMrk1jFEyXt5asCpv/s1600/week+10+%25238.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr8xAJ-pel2IkGxzXpekX4K4kcYsztWF3in_zf9emaqfpQh_TGfg9mOqWw6WSJcfAy85O3XMs2kgjdNdBBxEWpv6CiH81serR81nvaksnwlx7E_e4PZt_KOTkXKPXfMrk1jFEyXt5asCpv/s640/week+10+%25238.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 2: This is our code to make the graph for question 8.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">9.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">What happens if you change the line
for x to x = [1; 2; 3; 4; 5];? Explain.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">It creates multiple rows for the matrix. Instead of having 1 row with 5 columns it will have 5 rows with 1 column.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">11.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Degree vs. radian in MATLAB:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Calculate sinus of 30 degrees using
a calculator or internet.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">sin(30 degrees) = .5</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Type sin(30) in the command line of
the MATLAB. Why is this number different? (Hint: MATLAB treats angles as
radians).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">In MATLAB sin(30) = -0.9880. This number is different because it is the value calculated with 30 radians, not degrees.</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">c.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">How can you modify sin(30) so we get
the correct number?<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">You can change the number from radians to degrees. If you multiply 30 by pi/180 you can get sin(.5235987756) which is equal to .5. Another way to get the correct number is modify sin(30) into sind(30).</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">12.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Plot y = 10 sin (100 t) using Matlab
with two different resolutions on the same plot: 10 points per period and 1000
points per period. The plot needs to show only two periods. Commands you might
need to use are linspace, plot, hold on, legend, xlabel, and ylabel. Provide
your code and resulting figure. The output figure should look like the following:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVUtIcGIR1yzy64LM4AYmcUJL1YI9wA29PMYzrZHCn9YF82XNvn471hduftRp4WJF0m5CM3YyCUe_bcXxq_DdftTy2nXBX60ku3ltN-TG9TFclgscp0BRyeLaZ_dL09Q__Wb4IhMes5AST/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVUtIcGIR1yzy64LM4AYmcUJL1YI9wA29PMYzrZHCn9YF82XNvn471hduftRp4WJF0m5CM3YyCUe_bcXxq_DdftTy2nXBX60ku3ltN-TG9TFclgscp0BRyeLaZ_dL09Q__Wb4IhMes5AST/s320/Capture.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Graph 4: This is the graph we are supposed to replicate for question 12.</td></tr>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Our output and code are below:</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5ZdJqJU33zHufv4xAVJ_kWIDrLwEWrmmBRJfRjHHmrUqQGyBFBTaQpFeaetAc0zfvohCm1PpXS6JQ9_KCI55Q8QI4SX-Ml-8HemlyS_hJYj054Gh6wbekFdTZP4T5J8zRplVx1m9WfUMN/s1600/q12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5ZdJqJU33zHufv4xAVJ_kWIDrLwEWrmmBRJfRjHHmrUqQGyBFBTaQpFeaetAc0zfvohCm1PpXS6JQ9_KCI55Q8QI4SX-Ml-8HemlyS_hJYj054Gh6wbekFdTZP4T5J8zRplVx1m9WfUMN/s320/q12.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Graph 5: This graph is our result in trying to replicate Graph 4.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQCSrSDOXbwSfumxJ9_5Id7loa1zG61zqpOl2CXBsCmR9otnKcUDO3wcugmwU5WXmsE4qam1NBvRlj0fyfr3ASnJDbVXy0DziOSMNpVW8kO_k9bfHfKec_HrwrMhVoNT_s5ZpH3Ig26mlt/s1600/question12.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQCSrSDOXbwSfumxJ9_5Id7loa1zG61zqpOl2CXBsCmR9otnKcUDO3wcugmwU5WXmsE4qam1NBvRlj0fyfr3ASnJDbVXy0DziOSMNpVW8kO_k9bfHfKec_HrwrMhVoNT_s5ZpH3Ig26mlt/s400/question12.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 3: This picture is our code for graph 5.</span></td></tr>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">13.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Explain what is changed in the
following plot comparing to the previous one.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsl5vzE6VyAnP82xOJpuU3kWbHDpcqyGVQtYYOUcK5TlEE_9fULCU-5Xc1m-rLz6mtJQUom51VDgpWD9GeuG-GnGwWGHkeKZAA6kKynVMit30z3ME1BqBv22hRmGhj-dkjL1RxIPVYbtHE/s1600/Capture.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsl5vzE6VyAnP82xOJpuU3kWbHDpcqyGVQtYYOUcK5TlEE_9fULCU-5Xc1m-rLz6mtJQUom51VDgpWD9GeuG-GnGwWGHkeKZAA6kKynVMit30z3ME1BqBv22hRmGhj-dkjL1RxIPVYbtHE/s320/Capture.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Graph 6: This graph is given and has a cutoff point for the fine line at 5.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">The range on the fine function in this plot has been limited to (-10,5). In the plot in number 12 the range of both functions was (-10,10).</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">14.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">The command find was used to create
this code. Study the use of find (help find) and try to replicate the plot
above. Provide your code.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Using the find function we were able to create code that replicated this graph. Below is our output and a picture of our code.</span><br />
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPhcTiwjQSXa15O0nE4RW0w0EPCh4zEyj1uuCvTedIu3ciTkFP962z_Ijl3FB_2J-eWSSt-lfnnqor7VtchGuoIj0ns08I1h_tSTn7_5dD8ex4x3jDYcNZIhn87ur7TELOmUI_J9q2rtbl/s1600/q14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPhcTiwjQSXa15O0nE4RW0w0EPCh4zEyj1uuCvTedIu3ciTkFP962z_Ijl3FB_2J-eWSSt-lfnnqor7VtchGuoIj0ns08I1h_tSTn7_5dD8ex4x3jDYcNZIhn87ur7TELOmUI_J9q2rtbl/s400/q14.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Graph 7: This is our replication of graph 6.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBUWz3Lu9sLGMLrHpi3bo0p5nlYkzOrpJvYK-TqPVolZ2CkIHANtuCkwFxx8TewRxgMxvruG9ZnpJXLZ0HOjl2ylEd5QzhryRmtzWbXVQ7v3Zqm5XhwVwR7XjsIbHcMKqFkTrcqbm0Ii4n/s1600/week+10%252314.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBUWz3Lu9sLGMLrHpi3bo0p5nlYkzOrpJvYK-TqPVolZ2CkIHANtuCkwFxx8TewRxgMxvruG9ZnpJXLZ0HOjl2ylEd5QzhryRmtzWbXVQ7v3Zqm5XhwVwR7XjsIbHcMKqFkTrcqbm0Ii4n/s400/week+10%252314.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 4: This is our code for graph 7.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><b>PART
B: Filters and MATLAB</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Build a low pass filter using a
resistor and capacitor in which the cut off frequency is 1 kHz. Observe the
output signal using the oscilloscope. Collect several data points particularly
around the cut off frequency. Provide your data in a table.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">We built the low pass filter, the table below contains our input and output measurements. We used 5 V as our input and read peak to peak voltage.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjygqllODwxEqePak4Xfwjt7vvR15oj0pPXqIoMkZLpZv8CHU_mlb7xtgVHXjV0uLqBuPu8Nku8VxTRc6SJoFmwfvXuY8IfGqrqsf5vNqB1Gzdx09ksJ1w69CsefwTVSEKna3Vz_x214Zpm/s1600/week10LOWPASS.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjygqllODwxEqePak4Xfwjt7vvR15oj0pPXqIoMkZLpZv8CHU_mlb7xtgVHXjV0uLqBuPu8Nku8VxTRc6SJoFmwfvXuY8IfGqrqsf5vNqB1Gzdx09ksJ1w69CsefwTVSEKna3Vz_x214Zpm/s400/week10LOWPASS.JPG" width="188" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Table 1: This is our data for the low pass filter. Our input voltage is 5V and our output is read in pk-pk voltage.</span></td></tr>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Plot your data using MATLAB. Make
sure to use proper labels for the plot and make your plot line and fonts
readable. Provide your code and the plot.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdHEUnyoo-NEWhgtEom6vmgv2tEADfGYxY7svyYXA7A-cZayKcVlr70dav1NnAsn-ZGE-i6_c2s0l1D6I3thS5t9CjSvnbf_tW9lShxdxqLPGz7lpr_354UkndQbQVzPx4HaMbVfzJj8t-/s1600/lowpassfilter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdHEUnyoo-NEWhgtEom6vmgv2tEADfGYxY7svyYXA7A-cZayKcVlr70dav1NnAsn-ZGE-i6_c2s0l1D6I3thS5t9CjSvnbf_tW9lShxdxqLPGz7lpr_354UkndQbQVzPx4HaMbVfzJj8t-/s400/lowpassfilter.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Graph 8: This graph is our data from above plotted to show a low pass filter.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2BQJCXIPf2VB4p7aBR5Cc_TK8IMrbSOHw3EOV5jeH4B4Sw5q_MMlscqYwhXl7o31DlMp1aiJNPjnmwhT7S1B0QFJhbwD394QRoLxs4hNb2rPh9-ZSqWvTkT5nf3wjTt13iWrmJ3Yr0noc/s1600/lowpass10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="92" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2BQJCXIPf2VB4p7aBR5Cc_TK8IMrbSOHw3EOV5jeH4B4Sw5q_MMlscqYwhXl7o31DlMp1aiJNPjnmwhT7S1B0QFJhbwD394QRoLxs4hNb2rPh9-ZSqWvTkT5nf3wjTt13iWrmJ3Yr0noc/s640/lowpass10.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 5: This is our code for the graph above.</span></td></tr>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Calculate the cut off frequency
using MATLAB. Find command will be used. Provide your code.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW6bxRGJQA6j26ZCe6LWN4st515qPSUXJ8BZ9lp0ihxIrNS6_Ag1zYgoFYShr5dHHC264Mthw4zGiaJGDN5Kg8vRreBDFtvqMBbkL_dUyeTgHIQnjhA5SELC_ZgVmYaXD0yRJCJ5wxePIs/s1600/cut_off.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW6bxRGJQA6j26ZCe6LWN4st515qPSUXJ8BZ9lp0ihxIrNS6_Ag1zYgoFYShr5dHHC264Mthw4zGiaJGDN5Kg8vRreBDFtvqMBbkL_dUyeTgHIQnjhA5SELC_ZgVmYaXD0yRJCJ5wxePIs/s1600/cut_off.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 6: This is our calculated cut off value from MATLAB.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlxzDzDJ5hOjedsuGEVjDJjrU-TIzqcRwUK4EKFhT_LHSFtOSFCEKVgEi3RvcrrPt37HkFDXcKN8JnBK_1_5r89Anh_Hj2LVpUygYPPyzxofeNDQjGrkOC2IFEhdnL1KqRoGnv9uepet5w/s1600/lowpasscutoff.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlxzDzDJ5hOjedsuGEVjDJjrU-TIzqcRwUK4EKFhT_LHSFtOSFCEKVgEi3RvcrrPt37HkFDXcKN8JnBK_1_5r89Anh_Hj2LVpUygYPPyzxofeNDQjGrkOC2IFEhdnL1KqRoGnv9uepet5w/s640/lowpasscutoff.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 7: This is the code to calculate our value.</span></td></tr>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Repeat 1-3 by modifying the circuit
to a high pass filter.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">A.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxlb9KxaHM4LvRZWQJp7obC4HVmXrdj7oL10N1YLfdMdRrWaOaeAZI91LUFaSD-_QfS-ry2-DcZOZuLm6bgylM_wsZwGFGpVgeBx1dgOVQ6xDeigYzCp6CjhNgslDDmrAoyCWCqvRUDihz/s1600/high+pass+chart.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxlb9KxaHM4LvRZWQJp7obC4HVmXrdj7oL10N1YLfdMdRrWaOaeAZI91LUFaSD-_QfS-ry2-DcZOZuLm6bgylM_wsZwGFGpVgeBx1dgOVQ6xDeigYzCp6CjhNgslDDmrAoyCWCqvRUDihz/s640/high+pass+chart.JPG" width="255" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Table 2: This is our table for the high pass filter. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">B.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxcfuhvvrYhbyacz7yD4xrg9eE-FHfENZbpEJqAOHlWrE9Qp0U_FLY-EZ6kZb16hKFxafpUvo9Gnj8NS4rd-WcpunhMWLrCn1OmzleLxdOxBGw32ilXE4ANQEhQW6kj5iD268RVJCc_JJf/s1600/highpassfilter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxcfuhvvrYhbyacz7yD4xrg9eE-FHfENZbpEJqAOHlWrE9Qp0U_FLY-EZ6kZb16hKFxafpUvo9Gnj8NS4rd-WcpunhMWLrCn1OmzleLxdOxBGw32ilXE4ANQEhQW6kj5iD268RVJCc_JJf/s400/highpassfilter.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Graph 9: This graph is our data for a high pass filter plotted.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZuvHLgw9Gq5bET1R4ZmzJbL1_Uk8TnUZl77noITi2vcqvwN4c-nwVTjs_FRjpokRQu7uCadnoK7YTmSbWwGoVIxZpZsgd_5FX8imAkINiXzxVD7aBqrUy_qRE-pGWADrnTCrWR80kYQpp/s1600/highpasscode.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZuvHLgw9Gq5bET1R4ZmzJbL1_Uk8TnUZl77noITi2vcqvwN4c-nwVTjs_FRjpokRQu7uCadnoK7YTmSbWwGoVIxZpZsgd_5FX8imAkINiXzxVD7aBqrUy_qRE-pGWADrnTCrWR80kYQpp/s640/highpasscode.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 8: This is our code for the graph above.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><br /></span></span>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;">C.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 20px;"><br /></span></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYFQSTYHna7EPAimno5Si0ye-Vgi0IU6lQsnXvcmzoR0PCZ9ZnkjWj3GE6_4YIM9xFhHNcjQKBF_8rY8C0DGWZeZfMjeK2j9pI-wdlvNDDZJzLSNHlhIRj1CfuN1zbHYKky90_eO9AkuqK/s1600/cutoffweek10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYFQSTYHna7EPAimno5Si0ye-Vgi0IU6lQsnXvcmzoR0PCZ9ZnkjWj3GE6_4YIM9xFhHNcjQKBF_8rY8C0DGWZeZfMjeK2j9pI-wdlvNDDZJzLSNHlhIRj1CfuN1zbHYKky90_eO9AkuqK/s320/cutoffweek10.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Picture 9: This is the calculated cutoff value fromMATLAB.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD-zAKwnOVRZi_ofxP7xF1bhn9W5upvZGrALR-SayFflQbFy_aKE8OHM9ikm_zH210KNH7CcOq8WCstLtMvuRBK9VZnWjRhnOjgyWCJH2YBVUBhz9ofX8UgZ8EBSWWJeLS1-ujoiRXsSeb/s1600/highpasscutoffcode.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="152" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD-zAKwnOVRZi_ofxP7xF1bhn9W5upvZGrALR-SayFflQbFy_aKE8OHM9ikm_zH210KNH7CcOq8WCstLtMvuRBK9VZnWjRhnOjgyWCJH2YBVUBhz9ofX8UgZ8EBSWWJeLS1-ujoiRXsSeb/s640/highpasscutoffcode.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red;">Picture 10: This is our code for the MATLAB calculation above.</span></td></tr>
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Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-19632075115737224472016-03-14T05:30:00.000-07:002016-03-20T21:22:02.484-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: 15pt;">Week 9: 3/14/2016 - 3/18/2016<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 15pt;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 15pt;">Measure the resistance of the speaker.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: 15.0pt;">The speaker had a
resistance value of 8.6</span><span style="font-size: 15.0pt;"> <span style="color: red;">Ω<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 15pt;">2.Build
the following circuit using a function generator setting the amplitude to 5V
(0V offset). What happens when you change the frequency? (video)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: 15.0pt;">You
get different sounding tones as you change the frequency.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: red; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/NvFtF-DoBgs/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NvFtF-DoBgs?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Video 1: This video shows the speaker function as you change the frequency on the function generator</span></div>
<span style="color: red; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Fill
the following table.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="468"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Frequency (Hz)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Observation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="468"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">No tone<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="468"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">200<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="468"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">buzzing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="468"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">400<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="468"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Low toned buzzing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="468"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">600<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="468"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">High pitched tone<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">800-1000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Increasingly high pitched tone<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Table 1: This table shows the relationship between the frequency and the tone.</span><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Add one resistor to the circuit in
series with the speaker (first 47 Ω, then 820 Ω). Measure the voltage across
the speaker. Briefly explain your observations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">When you change the
resistor in the circuit you change the sound that the speaker makes. The pictures below show the two waves read by the oscilloscope.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4aFudIA7B0isGLQpsVJWywxNbObeIlos5da_FQvfFY-PX_EHe7CuEHAUNeaKBjnsNy3T2aAz3qStpBpG1LZyuCwttqrMRNwsJmbK0DX2aGqnrPhb2wVCREoodXuZl6Ows5g_4-Q-DdVN/s1600/IMG_3886.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb4aFudIA7B0isGLQpsVJWywxNbObeIlos5da_FQvfFY-PX_EHe7CuEHAUNeaKBjnsNy3T2aAz3qStpBpG1LZyuCwttqrMRNwsJmbK0DX2aGqnrPhb2wVCREoodXuZl6Ows5g_4-Q-DdVN/s320/IMG_3886.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Picture 1: This is the oscilloscope with the 47 ohm resistor on the speaker.</span></div>
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7dIwMdlqdMxx20hakGi8ZN24NRarg0_JkFdVbXUoCo2Z2QOotWkSkwwL98uZoQei_y9YmGrn1D5HFeb6SZL6ZXqK0xzNavoooD9onj_w7yU7heJgBOF37-XFP2JD4v41RC3Y4VXvpi9V_/s1600/IMG_3887.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7dIwMdlqdMxx20hakGi8ZN24NRarg0_JkFdVbXUoCo2Z2QOotWkSkwwL98uZoQei_y9YmGrn1D5HFeb6SZL6ZXqK0xzNavoooD9onj_w7yU7heJgBOF37-XFP2JD4v41RC3Y4VXvpi9V_/s320/IMG_3887.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Picture 2: This is the oscilloscope with the 820 ohm resistor on the speaker.</span></div>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15pt;">Fill the following table.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Resistor Value</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"> Ω</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Oscilloscope Output<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Observation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">47<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">930mv Pk-Pk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Sinusoidal wave with
period = 2.035 ms<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">820<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">162mv Pk-Pk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Small wave that looked
like noise, period = 2.6 ms<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: red;">Table 2: This table shows the relationship between the output and the resistor attached to the speaker</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">4.
Build the following circuit. Add a resistor in series to the speaker to have an
equivalent resistance of 100 Ω. Note that this circuit is a high pass filter.
Set the amplitude of the input signal to 8 V. Change the frequency from low to
high to observe the speaker sound. You should not hear anything at the
beginning and start hearing the sound after a certain frequency. Use 22 nF for
the capacitor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Explain the operation. (video)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/F4AHX3KbOws/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/F4AHX3KbOws?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red;">Video 2: This video shows the operation of high pass filter </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Fill out the following table by
adding enough (10-15 data points) frequency measurements. Vout is measured with
the DMM, thus it will be rms value.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Frequency kHz<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Vout V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Vout/Vin V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.46<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.082<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.62<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.109<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">1.19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.210<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">1.70<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.300<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.375<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">50<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.432<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">60<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.71<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.452<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">65<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.79<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.493<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">70<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.88<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.508<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">75<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.98<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.523<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">80<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.03<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.535<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">90<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.558<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">100<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.26<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.576<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">110<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.33<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.588<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">120<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.41<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.597<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">130<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.610<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">140<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.49<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.617<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph">
<span style="color: red;">Table 3: This table compares the voltage out values compared to the frequency of a high pass filter.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">c.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Draw Vout/Vin with respect to
frequency using Excel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicE0xtv-tSHSevnLxeqiovjVTIXC2sVoojqN7je5jkrOzj1sY1O78YPHkr8YOZVuFLEqvHMFeTvdnFmzz6DQHZl-fsjVNNNd6HniOANoCzfLcDkoxS588wEDRej4xWnMqY7lff-lAuUa77/s1600/week+9+%25234.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicE0xtv-tSHSevnLxeqiovjVTIXC2sVoojqN7je5jkrOzj1sY1O78YPHkr8YOZVuFLEqvHMFeTvdnFmzz6DQHZl-fsjVNNNd6HniOANoCzfLcDkoxS588wEDRej4xWnMqY7lff-lAuUa77/s400/week+9+%25234.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red;">Graph 1: This graph shows the output of a high pass filter. However, the X axis should be read in kHz, not Hz.</span></div>
<br />
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">d.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">What is the cut off frequency by
looking at the plot in b?<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">The cut off frequency looks to be at about 60 kHz from the plot in b.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Design the circuit in 4 to act as a
low pass filter and show its operation. Where would you put the speaker? Repeat
4a-d using the new designed circuit<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">You put the speaker in parallel with the capacitor instead of in series as with a high pass filter.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Explain the operation. (video)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/KUu1AZKhvpg/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KUu1AZKhvpg?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red;">Video 3: This video shows a high pass filter circuit.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraph" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Fill out the following table by
adding enough (10-15 data points) frequency measurements. Vout is measured with
the DMM, thus it will be rms value.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Frequency kHz<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Vout V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Vout/Vin V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">5.40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.954<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">5.21<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.920<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">4.93<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.870<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">4.63<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.818<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">50<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">4.26<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.753<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">60<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.90<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.689<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">65<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.75<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.673<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">70<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.59<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.634<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">75<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.609<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">80<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.32<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.557<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">90<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">3.08<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.524<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">100<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.85<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.503<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">110<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.66<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.469<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">120<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.49<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.439<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">130<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.30<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.406<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 145.5pt;" valign="top" width="291"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">140<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 141.3pt;" valign="top" width="283"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">2.19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 144.7pt;" valign="top" width="289"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">.387<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: red;">Table 4: This table compares the Vout to the frequency of a low pass filter</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">e.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">Draw Vout/Vin with respect to
frequency using Excel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLv29nr58YPLK9LExIwb5tra7GHliQBGOEjodCgrv4D_5jO8-FAcEId8iSvQydQKsA66ZH1F65dENgvts2KyI6QguejBG_zj25ZMRUrUxSL0NBsn4_DV8dfD8id1NBDu6S9Na5sESMGyB4/s1600/week+9+%25235.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLv29nr58YPLK9LExIwb5tra7GHliQBGOEjodCgrv4D_5jO8-FAcEId8iSvQydQKsA66ZH1F65dENgvts2KyI6QguejBG_zj25ZMRUrUxSL0NBsn4_DV8dfD8id1NBDu6S9Na5sESMGyB4/s400/week+9+%25235.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Graph 2: This graph shows the output of a low pass filter.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">f.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">What is the cut off frequency by
looking at the plot in b?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">The cut off frequency looks to be at about 90 kHz based off of the plot in b.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;">6.
Construct the following circuit and test the speaker with headsets. Connect the
amplifier output directly to the headphone jack (without the potentiometer).
Load is the headphone jack in the schematic. Speculate the operation of the
circuit with a video.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ciPyCVAAxyE/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ciPyCVAAxyE?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<span style="color: red;">Video 4: This video shows the circuit with a microphone input and speaker output.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 15.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-66005574513429126232016-02-29T05:00:00.004-08:002016-03-13T20:43:48.019-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;">Week 8, 2/29/2016-3/4/2016</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;">Rube Goldberg Take 2</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<span style="color: blue;"> Draw and explain a
Rube Goldberg design that will include the following components:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Digital <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Motor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Relay <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Opamp <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Temperature sensor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->LED<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: blue;"> The setup should be
considered to last 30 seconds. Make sure to include enough photos, videos, and
explanations for each transition or step. Explain your circuits. Put at least 2
issues/problems/struggles you faced during the project.</span><o:p></o:p><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: orange;">Our Rube Goldberg machine is based on a step by step process, The process starts with heating the temperature sensor. After the sensor is hot enough, voltage will pass through and then trigger the relay switch. The relay will power an LED to show that the system has power. The 7 segment display is in series with the LED and receives power at the same time. When both are activated the display is connected to an OR gate which is connected to a motor. Whenever the display shows numbers 4-9 the motor will power and pull a string that is connected to a mousetrap. After the mouse trap is pulled enough, it will activate and send a ping pong ball flying in the air. Videos and pictures of our circuit are below.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFrbmL0nkA3POQGqY8gpj4tNcmkhl0bQNa70cfOYEeDlw3rQp_yt3Hxq1Rra-6IalwC0fTGh_seCBVCpocuDJm6ULLHSmUc1WC6W7howTslZjk-t3Tbw-lBztK8oE2IEByxK5NSKWIepfZ/s1600/IMG_3795.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFrbmL0nkA3POQGqY8gpj4tNcmkhl0bQNa70cfOYEeDlw3rQp_yt3Hxq1Rra-6IalwC0fTGh_seCBVCpocuDJm6ULLHSmUc1WC6W7howTslZjk-t3Tbw-lBztK8oE2IEByxK5NSKWIepfZ/s320/IMG_3795.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">This is our Rube Goldberg circuitry.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFr97M6aud42XwsBBqPP1nYfJcj9NHWafbLMzTjw2_u4S4Dhyphenhyphenl1zWezmMC6VUdnlSGGtBwRHqmgTzijHX5SldnOp2ASuqMcThz91lTpnArnP7Gi34-mMNM4bZvCSb2U77-7qHt4Kpx9f06/s1600/IMG_3792.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFr97M6aud42XwsBBqPP1nYfJcj9NHWafbLMzTjw2_u4S4Dhyphenhyphenl1zWezmMC6VUdnlSGGtBwRHqmgTzijHX5SldnOp2ASuqMcThz91lTpnArnP7Gi34-mMNM4bZvCSb2U77-7qHt4Kpx9f06/s320/IMG_3792.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">This is our entire set up with the circuit and a mouse trap to the side.</span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;"><br /></span><iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/vgZUJVjTlI4/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vgZUJVjTlI4?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">This video explains our Rube Goldberg machine and shows it working in action.</span></div>
<span style="color: orange;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: orange;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: orange;">For our Rube Goldberg machine we faced many problems throughout the week. Our first and largest problem was with our temperature sensor. Our sensor was burnt and was not allowing correct voltages through. We were not aware of the issue and it ultimately ended up having us take longer and not being able to present to the class. However, after we changed the temperature sensor out for a new one, our circuit was able to run properly. Another issue that my group faced through the week was connecting all of the components and having them work. We were able to have the seven segment display and OR gate work properly but struggled to think of where to place the relay and temperature sensor. Eventually we worked it out and were able to have a successful Rube Goldberg machine.</span></div>
</div>
Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-2925272148771279232016-02-22T05:01:00.004-08:002016-02-28T21:22:20.044-08:00<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Week
7, 2/22/2016 - 2/26/2016</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">Digital
Circuits</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">1. <span style="background: white;">Force sensing resistor gives a resistance value with
respect to the force that is applied on it. Try different loads (Pinching,
squeezing with objects, etc.) and write down the resistance values. (EXPLAIN
with TABLE)</span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background: white;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: orange;">The more force applied to the force sensing resistor, the lower resistance value it will have. Table 1 below shows the relationship between the load and the resistance.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: orange;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: orange;"></span></span></span><br />
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Load</div>
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Resistance <span style="background: white;">Ω</span></div>
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No Load</div>
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Open loop, ideally infinite resistance</div>
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Pinching</div>
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2,000</div>
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Phone on top of sensor</div>
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1,300</div>
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Squeezing</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
840</div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Table 1: This table displays the relationship between load and resistance for the force sensor.</span>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">2. 7. Segment display:</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">a. Check the manual
of 7 segment display. Pdf document’s page 5 (or in the document page 4) circuit
B is the one we have. Connect pin 3 or pin 14 to 5 V. Connect a 330 Ω resistor
to pin 1. Other end of the resistor goes to ground. Which line lit up? Using package
dimensions and function for B (page 4 in pdf), explain the operation of the 7
segment display by lighting up different segments. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO).</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: orange; font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 18.6667px;">The very top line lit up when you connected the resistor to pin 1. Depending on where you place the resistor, different lines will light up. Video 1 below explains this in detail. From the blog we can know which pin will light which segments.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj87VVxUClYnaOD2JrU_BoIeG77SqUqSZyQvPrKB1OuUjgm9wZiZmpkVhIhyyivMl30Yxls-H_2q2BVRgiXgP0lhat3uOZErBpi9imD5wEudUj4D7FO1NePZziJ9di1v56dcUoj5gvhdN3j/s1600/1.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj87VVxUClYnaOD2JrU_BoIeG77SqUqSZyQvPrKB1OuUjgm9wZiZmpkVhIhyyivMl30Yxls-H_2q2BVRgiXgP0lhat3uOZErBpi9imD5wEudUj4D7FO1NePZziJ9di1v56dcUoj5gvhdN3j/s320/1.PNG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rzg1mKuNUKk/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/rzg1mKuNUKk?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 1: This video explains how to light up different segments on this display.</span></div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> b.Using resistors for each segment, make the display show 0
and 5. (EXPLAIN with PHOTOs)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">Using resistors we were able to construct numbers 0-5. Pictures 1-6 below show our results. Applying power to pin 1,2,7,8,10,13 we can display number 0 on the 7-segment display. Same if we applying power to 1,2,8,10,11, display will show number 5.</span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUAjhzk8Omb9NrHC4b_Ll-NAYhDbk8OoGyn-OIc6LgCoLD83yxZSWeEb_q87PP6Gb4oVTyzPSKDWU_f2Dr9xR2498WVp8dmD6Te8TOZiqbZv68fVTBGPa3gsIV9dWIqx6MafHYjiJQXEST/s1600/IMG_3703.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUAjhzk8Omb9NrHC4b_Ll-NAYhDbk8OoGyn-OIc6LgCoLD83yxZSWeEb_q87PP6Gb4oVTyzPSKDWU_f2Dr9xR2498WVp8dmD6Te8TOZiqbZv68fVTBGPa3gsIV9dWIqx6MafHYjiJQXEST/s320/IMG_3703.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">Picture 1: This picture has 0 as the display.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRHvXtX0bF9uAt0L4B3BizmF-MHjOGNmw50wknVnCYJG39kLPz8m6wVMALqN8v7nzgC4IKWAslKbd5h6fSc6lhOdTOW3xoLGC44hqtl4riD8AhmGv1rH7cEE570Qd9XwC6WpLOUcuv9XXv/s1600/IMG_3704.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRHvXtX0bF9uAt0L4B3BizmF-MHjOGNmw50wknVnCYJG39kLPz8m6wVMALqN8v7nzgC4IKWAslKbd5h6fSc6lhOdTOW3xoLGC44hqtl4riD8AhmGv1rH7cEE570Qd9XwC6WpLOUcuv9XXv/s320/IMG_3704.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">Picture 2: This picture has 1 as the display.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGgkys99AhmQO-P5f_2SIaCZfze9lSYs1JyACdPIeGZYnzeyUDFAoKpOoJQzFDvQ3UWBLGHEMjMmmTchwDh3gdzhE-zFvcWq-WIQZY_aoEr4XnYND9bYyV7orgSCm6NWQm8PZKy2cVjyJn/s1600/IMG_3707.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGgkys99AhmQO-P5f_2SIaCZfze9lSYs1JyACdPIeGZYnzeyUDFAoKpOoJQzFDvQ3UWBLGHEMjMmmTchwDh3gdzhE-zFvcWq-WIQZY_aoEr4XnYND9bYyV7orgSCm6NWQm8PZKy2cVjyJn/s320/IMG_3707.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">Picture 3: This picture has 2 as the display.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxBeXNPOLqPbNuDgHvXQsEk-mvxLyUY2BBZgw-FQIsuT-LeTaol7KufuLtfbyklo9lP3GY40esl6pOgcD_kBJaYfN9Sjupzs_co_kpnc-KCIDKOzfZy5MqylgM-3qvyNV9FSTKLv_T_VTg/s1600/IMG_3706.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxBeXNPOLqPbNuDgHvXQsEk-mvxLyUY2BBZgw-FQIsuT-LeTaol7KufuLtfbyklo9lP3GY40esl6pOgcD_kBJaYfN9Sjupzs_co_kpnc-KCIDKOzfZy5MqylgM-3qvyNV9FSTKLv_T_VTg/s320/IMG_3706.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">Picture 4: This picture has 3 as the display.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyIHlORnFm9GCVXK5PYSb31Lwe5kCclZ6Z7aUXrIuEjvNjyK6p_FSClB3R-ER0hEGIT2OzmZncrsc5tlyp9I4FBiYTsj0m_eBLF42TLvyEjMLnhta_bKMA1bGkg36TQWZQPLl4G4htPeQw/s1600/IMG_3708.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyIHlORnFm9GCVXK5PYSb31Lwe5kCclZ6Z7aUXrIuEjvNjyK6p_FSClB3R-ER0hEGIT2OzmZncrsc5tlyp9I4FBiYTsj0m_eBLF42TLvyEjMLnhta_bKMA1bGkg36TQWZQPLl4G4htPeQw/s320/IMG_3708.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">Picture 5: This picture has 4 as the display.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">Picture 6: This picture has 5 as the display.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: blue;">BONUS VIDEO:</span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">For the display sensor diagram we noticed that there was "dp" next to pin 9. We wondered what pin 9 would do and decided to investigate. We found out that pin 9 lit up the dot next to the numbers on the display. Picture 7 below shows the diagram for the display sensor and video 2 explains what we found.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">Picture 7: This picture is the display sensor diagram. Notice the "dp" by pin 9.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 2: This video explains the function of pin 9 on the display</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">3. Display driver (7447). This integrated circuit (IC) is
designed to drive 7 segment displays through resistors. Check the data sheet.
A, B, C, and D are binary inputs. Pins 9 through 15 are outputs that go to the
display. Pin 8 is ground and pin 16 is 5 V. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">By connecting inputs either 0 V or 5 V, check the
output voltages of the driver. Explain how the inputs and outputs are related.
Provide two different input combinations. (EXPLAIN with PHOTOs and TRUTH TABLE)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">7447 can transfer 4 bits binary number into 7 segments output which can use to drive 7-segments display. We were not able to measure the voltage of the driver. Instead we showed voltage by showing two different outputs on the display. You cannot read a voltage from the driver because it is ground seeking, it never sends voltage to the display, it provides paths to the ground. Pictures 8 and 9 are an output to an LED to show that changing the inputs can change your results. Chart 1 is the truth table for the driver.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH82MepibAzI6D9Z63RBXMQutr4FNzp7CtMKEmiOEqb1euQIe_2PndP8c-UN0ELqlHRT2J_6zpVfMkx2jyqNanMthkYTcrhg369w7WJN8oytuHb5mpeEO3gEExuwwb4g2zWXJqhVBq61uc/s1600/IMG_3718.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH82MepibAzI6D9Z63RBXMQutr4FNzp7CtMKEmiOEqb1euQIe_2PndP8c-UN0ELqlHRT2J_6zpVfMkx2jyqNanMthkYTcrhg369w7WJN8oytuHb5mpeEO3gEExuwwb4g2zWXJqhVBq61uc/s320/IMG_3718.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Picture 8: By changing the inputs we were able to light an LED.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-JiX49HIpqUnwQlPYW8SmdSK2RDP9qUuQJLCVJm9a-GY4peFU8oD8qJKZytME1ssmAhpC5WcyXHBBShaDhpuouIMEu9k1_wu9IctX6MuFtVI3HMdnYwsqNITmgnf-ZqIIqLPuP9jzgyDL/s1600/IMG_3719.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-JiX49HIpqUnwQlPYW8SmdSK2RDP9qUuQJLCVJm9a-GY4peFU8oD8qJKZytME1ssmAhpC5WcyXHBBShaDhpuouIMEu9k1_wu9IctX6MuFtVI3HMdnYwsqNITmgnf-ZqIIqLPuP9jzgyDL/s320/IMG_3719.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Picture 9: By changing the inputs we were able to turn off the LED.</span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Chart 1: This chart is the truth table for inputs and outputs of the Driver</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">b.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">Connect the display driver to the 7 segment
display. 330 Ω resistors need to be used between the display driver outputs and
the display (a total of 7 resistors). Verify your question 3a outputs with
those input combinations. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO) </span></span><br />
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">Depending on the inputs and outputs you will have different results. Video 3 below shows us changing the inputs in real time and you can see how the display changes.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 3: This video shows us changing the inputs, and therefore the outputs</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">4. 555 Timer:</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">Construct the circuit in Fig. 14 of the 555 timer
data sheet. V</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">CC= 5V. No RL (no connection to pin 3). RA = 150 kΩ, R =
300 kΩ, and C = 1 μF (smaller sized capacitor). 0.01 μF capacitor is somewhat
larger in size. Observe your output voltage at pin 3 by oscilloscope.
(Breadboard and Oscilloscope PHOTOs)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Below are pictures 10 and 11 that show our breadboard and our oscilloscope readings.</span><br />
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<span style="color: orange;">Picture 10: This is a picture of our breadboard with the timer</span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Picture 11: This is our oscilloscope readings with the timer.</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">Does your frequency and duty cycle match with the
theoretical value? Explain your work.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Our calculated frequency is a bit higher than the measured. To calculate the frequency we divided 1.44 by our resistance times our capacitor. This came out to be 1.44/(750 ohms * 1 micro farrad) which equaled to be 1920. Our measured value was 1623.54. Our duty cycle was measured to be higher than the theoretical value. Our calculated value was found by diving Rb by Ra+2Rb. Which gave us D = Rb/(Ra+2Rb). That equaled out to be .4. By counting the squares our actual measured value was closer to .56.</span><br />
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">c. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">Connect the force sensing resistor in series with
RA. How can you make the circuit give an output? Can the frequency of the
output be modified with the force sensing resistor?</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">(Explain with VIDEO) </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">By applying pressure to the resistor you can make the circuit give an output. From what we were able to tell you cannot change the frequency of the output with the force sensing resistor very much. The video, video 4, describes this below.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 4: This video shows us using the force sensing resistor to get an output</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">5. Binary coded decimal (BCD) counter (74192). This circuit
generates a 4-bit counter. With every clock change, output increases; 0000,
0001, 0010, ..., 0111, 1000, 1001. But after 1001 (which is decimal 9), it goes
back to 0000. That way, in decimal, it counts from 0 to 9. Outputs of 74192 are
labelled as QA (Least significant bit), QB, QC, and QD (Most
significant bit) in the data sheet (decimal counter, 74192). Use the following
connections: 5 V: pins 4, 11, 16. 0V (ground): pins 8, 14. 10 μF
capacitor between 5 V and ground.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">a. Connect your 555 timer output to pin 5 of
74192. Observe the input and each output on the oscilloscope.(EXPLAIN with
VIDEO and TRUTH TABLE)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">The binary clock sends a pulse that is ready by the driver as binary. The binary counts up and depending on the different binary you will get different outputs. The display then counts upward from 0-9 depending on what the binary reads. Video 5 below explains this and chart 2 shows the truth table.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 5: This video is showing the inputs and outputs of the timer to the 74192</span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Chart 2: This chart is the truth table for the 74192</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: blue;">6. 7486 (XOR gate). Pin diagram of the circuit is
given in the logic gates pin diagram pdf file. Ground pin is 7. Pin 14 will be
connected to 5 V. There are 4 XOR gates. Pins are numbered. Connect a 330
Ωresistor at the output of one of the XOR gates.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">a.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">Put an LED in series to the resistor. Negative
end of the LED (shorter wire) should be connected to the ground. By choosing
different input combinations (DC 0V and DC 5 V), prove XOR operation through
LED. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">When we connected the LED to the XOR gate we found that it worked according to an XOR truth table. When only one of the inputs A or B read at 1 the LED turned on. When both read at 1 or 0 the LED did not work. Video 6 shows this and Chart 3 is the XOR truth table.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 6: This video shows an LED with a XOR gate.</span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Chart 3: This chart is a XOR gate's truth table.</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">b.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">Connect XOR’s inputs to the BCD counters C and D
outputs. Explain your observation. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">If you refer to charts 2 and 3 you can see that whenever inputs C or D have a 1 that the LED will light up. However, whenever neither or both have a 1, the LED will not light up. Video 7 below explains this.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 7: This video shows the XOR's inputs into the BCD counters outputs.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">c. For 6b, draw the following signals
together: 555 timer (clock), A, B, C, and D outputs of 74192, and the XOR
output. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO)</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;">We drew the signals in the video below. The clock goes off of set pulses and then the values of A, B, C, and D will change based upon that. Please refer to Chart 2 to see how it changes. Every time there is a pulse, the binary value increases by 1 and then after 9 is reset back to 0. The XOR is connected to CD and will read 0 for any value from 0-3 and 1 from any value 4-9. Video 8 below shows our drawing and helps explain this concept.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 8: This video shows our drawings of the signals and helps explain the concepts.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: blue;">7.Connect the entire circuit: Force sensing
resistor triggers the 555 timer.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: blue;"> 555 timer’s output is used as clock for
the counter. Counter is then connected to the driver (Counter’s A, B, C, D to
driver’s A, B, C, D). Driver is connected to the display through resistors. XOR
gate is connected to the counter’s C and D inputs as well and an LED with a
resistor is connected to the XOR output. Draw the circuit schematic. (VIDEO and
PHOTO)<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: orange;">We connected all of the circuit components and were able to make a circuit that counts when you apply pressure to the force sensing resistor. Video 9 shows our circuit in action. Picture 12 is a picture of our breadboard and picture 13 is a drawing of our circuit schematic.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 9: This video is our circuit in real time</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8S63_q9_UkT5e-KlF6yJxOqpjoB0S8c5JWfwiyVCzpWlk60YN_bzzVMC9icSlq2tqjaeuPHXsgWkxiKRiLh36Aw9uPZ1AkvrlHvm-UVeLxtg4Z8E43CH5OpbemDNvQ5Mk_o0hfNLLtZVA/s1600/IMG_3766.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8S63_q9_UkT5e-KlF6yJxOqpjoB0S8c5JWfwiyVCzpWlk60YN_bzzVMC9icSlq2tqjaeuPHXsgWkxiKRiLh36Aw9uPZ1AkvrlHvm-UVeLxtg4Z8E43CH5OpbemDNvQ5Mk_o0hfNLLtZVA/s320/IMG_3766.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Picture 12: This is a photo of our completed circuit</span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Picture 13: This is our circuit schematic</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: blue;">8. Using other logic gates provided (AND and
OR), come up with </span><span style="color: blue;">a different LED lighting scheme. (EXPLAIN with VIDEO) </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="color: orange;">We changed the inputs to A and B and then switched gates to an AND gate. Referring to hart 2, when the inputs are 3 and 7, both A and B will read at 1. That means that the LED will light up. Video 10 shows our circuit in real time and chart 4 is an AND gate truth table.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: orange;">Video 10: This video shows our circuit with an AND gate working in real time</span></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">Chart 4: This chart is the truth table for an AND gate</span></div>
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Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-31304502414949258032016-02-15T05:24:00.000-08:002016-02-22T05:09:32.029-08:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;">Week 6, 2/15/2016 - 2/19/2016:</span><br />
<span style="color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Operational Amplifiers</b></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;">Explanations of the pin numbers are below:</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR7lNHbF3i3TnPPCJU2dc4z7jl9CxjDS-9V-Jb2drkYlUgqaGVk3zTSNZKYjvFNWRZl20q4dSPkZRpXRpZ7FMomgqkCu_wX6BebzqD802mPcKj6pf47Cml4KuEHiX_H-pg2pW5Yucs7Gvm/s1600/week+6+op+amp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR7lNHbF3i3TnPPCJU2dc4z7jl9CxjDS-9V-Jb2drkYlUgqaGVk3zTSNZKYjvFNWRZl20q4dSPkZRpXRpZ7FMomgqkCu_wX6BebzqD802mPcKj6pf47Cml4KuEHiX_H-pg2pW5Yucs7Gvm/s640/week+6+op+amp.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">This picture explains how to set up the amplifiers</span></td></tr>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1. You will use the OPAMP in open-loop
configuration in this part, where input signals will be applied directly to the
pins 2 and 3. a. Apply 0 V to the inverting input. Sweep the non-inverting input
(V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;">in</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">)
from -10 V to 10 V with 1 V steps. Take more steps around 0 V (both positive
and negative). Create a table for V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;">in</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> and V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;">out</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">.
Plot the data (V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;">out</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">
vs Vi</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;">n</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">).
Discuss your results. What would be the ideal plot?</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">In the open loop, the OPAMP has a very large gain. When the input is positive, output will reach the maximum value very quickly. When the input is negative, output will also reach the minimum value fast. Around you can see the line is almost perpendicular. In this condition, the OPAMP is hard to control so that it will not help us get the ideal voltage value. I deal plot is really similar to this, when the input is 0, the output is 0. The line is perpendicular. However, in this graph, the line is a little bit inclined.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyHfXKDL50_faRO6fsdcXj8s3Gn5BjY4wSn2QsAQRHrlwoawsHJbUgOcM0d7QbSShWsEvyso5brT9QJrQHIlpp-EANGJX2Aw_VV2nEIYVzFtHOgRUj5zoN-UUvEFi9jqr0tJYJqzFjtIRf/s1600/week+6+%25231+graph.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyHfXKDL50_faRO6fsdcXj8s3Gn5BjY4wSn2QsAQRHrlwoawsHJbUgOcM0d7QbSShWsEvyso5brT9QJrQHIlpp-EANGJX2Aw_VV2nEIYVzFtHOgRUj5zoN-UUvEFi9jqr0tJYJqzFjtIRf/s400/week+6+%25231+graph.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">This graph compares the input to output voltage on a non inverting OPAMP</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span><br />
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Input<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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Output<o:p></o:p></div>
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-5.1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
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-4.2<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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-2.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
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-1.3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
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-0.067<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-0.33<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
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-0.28<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
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-0.19<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
0.25<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
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0.36<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
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0.45<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
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0.7<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
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1.15<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
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2.3<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
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3<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
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4.1<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
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5.15<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: orange;">This chart displays our input and output values</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: orange;">We had results similar to an ideal plot. Our amplifier worked as expected.</span></div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /> b. Apply 0 V to the
non-inverting input. Sweep the inverting input (V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">in</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">) from -10 V to 10 V with 1 V steps. Take more steps around
0 V (both positive and negative). Create a table for V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">in </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">and V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">out</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">. Plot the data (V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">out</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> vs Vi</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">n</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">).
Discuss your results. What would be the ideal plot?</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></span></span>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Same to the question 1. in this OPAMP, the gain is really hih. And the output will reach the maximum and minimum value very quickly. It's hard to control and lack precise so that we could not use it in real to get the voltage what we want. the ideal plot for this graph is when the input is 0, the line will be perpendicular. In the graph below, the line has a little bit inclined, which means that the output is 0 when input is 0.</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYmYrrwMwuMp0HC7T4WqpLC5uckRfYEpDQDvyrU3xksOaTGFgXoRcDflkjUd7bcpDGFjaQzxbbWFhUrCR-fKUsfP1DfTNg78CSn2hT0sAmLkuYBux_KW-0LAeuAtWRghfTfl8GU1hpssmN/s1600/week+6+%25231B.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYmYrrwMwuMp0HC7T4WqpLC5uckRfYEpDQDvyrU3xksOaTGFgXoRcDflkjUd7bcpDGFjaQzxbbWFhUrCR-fKUsfP1DfTNg78CSn2hT0sAmLkuYBux_KW-0LAeuAtWRghfTfl8GU1hpssmN/s320/week+6+%25231B.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">This graph compares the input to output voltage on an inverting OPAMP</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center">
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Input<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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Output<o:p></o:p></div>
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5.03<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
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4.15<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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2.98<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
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1.3<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
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0.53<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
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0.32<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
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0.25<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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0.14<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3.84<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
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-0.22<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
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-0.39<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
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-0.54<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
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-0.73<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
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-1.17<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
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-2.34<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
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-3.02<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
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-4.18<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5.09<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: orange;">This chart compares our input and output values</span><br />
<span style="color: orange;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: orange;">We had results similar to an ideal plot. Our amplifier worked as expected.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div align="center">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Create a non-inverting amplifier. (R</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> = 2 kΩ, R</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> = 1 kΩ). Sweep V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">in</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> from -10 V to 10 V with 1 V steps. Create
a table for V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">in</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">
and V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">out</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">.
Plot the measured and calculated data together.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; text-align: justify;">The gain here is three. We used resistor to control the gain so that the maximum and minimum value will not be reach very quickly.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 288px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Input<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">(V)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Measured<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">(V)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Calculated<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
(V)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-4.98<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-4.01<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.05<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-2.53<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-1.59<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-4.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-1.1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-0.99<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-2.97<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-2.97<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-0.69<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-2.08<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-2.07<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-0.5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-1.5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-1.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-0.24<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-1.17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-0.72<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.22<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.67<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0.66<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.92<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0.9<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1.36<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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1.35<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.59<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1.78<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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1.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">2.7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.4<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.96<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">2.9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.88<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1.57<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4.13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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4.71<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1.9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4.13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">2.53<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4.13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">3.02<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4.13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4.04<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4.13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 23; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4.99<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 48pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4.13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
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</tbody></table>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<span style="color: orange;">This chart compares our input and output values</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh944K16fyW3jnL2kivLOi4oDGPU8zxyDZVZqurxIIBq6rkFIEmVfrikdlx5Al6XNGokgxCtWMZHRypRV0IjQnFf2ok-kHMlWVMCtuIQe-b_0V6Fs_70-y_g63HNbFCLM6fZWgiFUSDOrSE/s1600/non+inverts.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh944K16fyW3jnL2kivLOi4oDGPU8zxyDZVZqurxIIBq6rkFIEmVfrikdlx5Al6XNGokgxCtWMZHRypRV0IjQnFf2ok-kHMlWVMCtuIQe-b_0V6Fs_70-y_g63HNbFCLM6fZWgiFUSDOrSE/s400/non+inverts.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: normal; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; orphans: auto; padding: 6px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;"><div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="color: orange;">This graph compares the voltage values of a non inverting amplifier</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">3. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Create an inverting amplifier. (R</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">f</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> = 2 kΩ, R</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">in</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> = 1 kΩ). Sweep V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">in</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> from -10 V to 10 V with 1V steps. Create
a table for V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">in</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">
and V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8pt;">out</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">.
Plot the measured and calculated data together.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: orange;">The gain here is two. We used resistor to control the gain so that the maximum and minimum value will not be reach very quickly.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /><o:p></o:p></span>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Input (V)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Measured (V)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Calculated (V)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4.76<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.51<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">3.71<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.51<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">2.8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.51<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1.55<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-3.1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">2.01<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-4.02<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1.06<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-2.58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-2.12<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.67<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-2.1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-1.34<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.55<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-1.9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-1.1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.47<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-1.66<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-0.94<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.36<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-0.77<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-0.72<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-0.65<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
-0.54<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-0.27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.54<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0.54<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-0.3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0.6<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-0.51<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">0.92<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.35pt;" width="97"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.02<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-0.62<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1.21<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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1.24<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-0.98<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">1.45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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1.96<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-1.58<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">2.6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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3.16<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-2.28<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">3.52<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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4.56<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-3.27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">3.52<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-4.45<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">3.52<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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5</div>
</td>
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<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.7pt;" width="95"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">-4.96<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; height: 14.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.95pt;" width="96"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">3.52<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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5</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: orange;">This chart compares the input and output voltage values</span></div>
<div align="center">
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</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD7Dkqpdd3pBVL2d7C5vejZSzDtJvGQSVM8HoW6czVtpfNtewEdTQWf_CW-s_1haLQRfc7E8yUh8J2RPuwb8sdbaboK8uaOmjDeq3vZftttJni2m6QY3TJWBisHNacBsVb02nhfiLoight/s1600/round+2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD7Dkqpdd3pBVL2d7C5vejZSzDtJvGQSVM8HoW6czVtpfNtewEdTQWf_CW-s_1haLQRfc7E8yUh8J2RPuwb8sdbaboK8uaOmjDeq3vZftttJni2m6QY3TJWBisHNacBsVb02nhfiLoight/s400/round+2.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12.8px;">
<span style="color: orange;">This graph compares the voltage values of an inverting amplifier</span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Explain how an OPAMP works. How come
is the gain of the OPAMP in the open loop configuration too high but
inverting/non-inverting amplifier configurations provide such a small gain?</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">OPAMPs set voltage to two specific levels. Any value before 0 it will set to X and any value after 0 it will set to Y. OPAMP gains can be too large when there is a very small amount of voltage being bumped up to a higher voltage. Inverting and non inverting amplifiers can have a smaller gain because their gain is based off of a ratio between two resistors. Depending on the resistors you may not have much gain at all.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;">
</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Temperature Controlled LED System:</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfVEKZoTuKAh5Zuqg2JmJkqbB3YOtNVa5OHqZiMbdPEcV2P1IjSYNWIzSUyURwCbj2E63PfDqTUo_HtdxbpC-69DeZR_DImm8G1tWvy7nhL7KhLtuB3Z-vhSga98VRVFCwtELwYTvYcgZH/s1600/week+6+temp.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfVEKZoTuKAh5Zuqg2JmJkqbB3YOtNVa5OHqZiMbdPEcV2P1IjSYNWIzSUyURwCbj2E63PfDqTUo_HtdxbpC-69DeZR_DImm8G1tWvy7nhL7KhLtuB3Z-vhSga98VRVFCwtELwYTvYcgZH/s320/week+6+temp.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">This picture labels the pins in the temperature sensor</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Using a voltage meter, measure the
output voltage from the V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt;">OUT</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">.
Now put your finger (or cover the sensor with your palm) on the TMP36 temperature
sensor for a while, observing how the output voltage changes. Check Fig. 6 in
the data sheet (EXPLAIN).</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">As you increase the temperature on the sensor, the voltage passing through increases. The video below explains this and shows our results.</span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/RPgzH9tayXM/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/RPgzH9tayXM?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<span style="color: orange;">This video shows how the temperature sensor allows more voltage as its temperature increases</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Relay</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXWxJNK9r2ESl9x63NxzpUFuUS6dy0p09Y54aaNuCeyxyDpmAYlyr9pxPyg8lvfJ4ykmhLxDJEfn5bWXk7NNOTRM0x0SnzK6cnCqWBcuDJKz3_uCelol1wovXJxDQbUcko7syTXVFjwsJV/s1600/week+6+relay.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXWxJNK9r2ESl9x63NxzpUFuUS6dy0p09Y54aaNuCeyxyDpmAYlyr9pxPyg8lvfJ4ykmhLxDJEfn5bWXk7NNOTRM0x0SnzK6cnCqWBcuDJKz3_uCelol1wovXJxDQbUcko7syTXVFjwsJV/s400/week+6+relay.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange; text-indent: -0.25in;">This s a diagram of the relay we used</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">Connect your DC power supply to pin
2 and ground pin 5. Set your power supply to 0V. Switch your multimeter to
measure the resistance mode; use your multimeter to measure the resistance
between pin 4 and pin 1. Do the same measurement between pin 3 and pin 1.
Explain your findings (EXPLAIN).</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The resistance between pin 1 and pin 3 will be ideally infinite because there is no connection there so that the current will not flow. The resistance between pins 1 and 4 was measured at very small difference values ranging anywhere from 50-100 Ohms.</span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Now sweep your DC power supply from
0V to 8V and back to 0V. What do you observe at the multimeter (resistance
measurements similar to #1)? Did you hear a clicking sound? How many times?
What is the threshold voltage values that cause the switching? (EXPLAIN with a VIDEO).
<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">When you sweep the voltage you will hear a clicking sound at around 5V and then again after you drop down to 2V. This clicking sound is the relay switching between the two pins. The video below explains in further detail and will show you the relay in real time.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/SiQ7hxjPJgE/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/SiQ7hxjPJgE?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: orange;">This video shows the relay switching over while we sweep the voltage</span></div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
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</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: blue;">How does the relay work? Apply a
separate DC voltage of 5 V to pin 1. Check the voltage value of pin 3 and pin 4
(each with respect to ground) while switching the relay (EXPLAIN with a VIDEO).</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: orange;">The relay switches over between the two connections. Before the relay switches over, pin 4 will read at 5V and pin 3 will not read any voltage. When it switches over, pin 4 will not read any voltage and pin 3 will read at 5V. A video describing this is below.</span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/QUUJzKYlpa0/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QUUJzKYlpa0?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: orange;">This video shows the results of the relay switching over with a voltage source on one of the pins.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>LED + Relay</b></span></div>
<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: blue;">Turn LED on/off by switching the
relay. Explain your results in the video. Draw the circuit schematic (VIDEO) </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/baZ802ienoo/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/baZ802ienoo?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: orange;">This video shows us powering the LED using the relay system </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhXPgNBzuF9zPScapOGVZE61_Krtcl2XNR2fvWDmXQLhktmOMfLQGbjBm1LkNpTksPzvEKCx67-fjA22d4wOrHWiQ_G9WU82oXP9rGV8Xc3dxkxbia28OT9CWTxF8f-VfHkGieiaxQSU6t/s1600/IMG_3694.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhXPgNBzuF9zPScapOGVZE61_Krtcl2XNR2fvWDmXQLhktmOMfLQGbjBm1LkNpTksPzvEKCx67-fjA22d4wOrHWiQ_G9WU82oXP9rGV8Xc3dxkxbia28OT9CWTxF8f-VfHkGieiaxQSU6t/s320/IMG_3694.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">This is the circuit that we drew to power the LED. The voltage source is applied to the relay and when the relay switches over it will go to an OPAMP that will power the LED.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Operational Amplifier</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: blue;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Connect the power supplies to the
op-amp (+10V and 0V). Show the operation of LM124 operational amplifier in DC
mode with a non-inverting amplifier configuration. Choose any opamp in the IC.
Method: Use several R1 and R2 configurations and change your input voltage (voltages
between 0 and 10V) and record your output voltage. (EXPLAIN with a TABLE)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
R1 = 1 kilo Ohms, R2
= 3 kilo Ohms<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Vin
(V)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Vout
(V)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">.236<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">.905<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">.96<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">1.94<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">7.8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.98<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.94<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.01<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.98<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">6.08<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">7.02<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">7.94<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">9.03<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">9.98<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
This chart compares </div>
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: center;"><tbody>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
R1 = 1 kilo Ohms, R2
= 2 kilo Ohms </div>
</div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Vin
(V)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Vout
(V)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">.216<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">.64<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">.98<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.95<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2.01<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">6.03<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.04<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.99<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">5.02<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">6.03<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">6.95<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.87<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">9.96<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">8.38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> 2. Use your temperature sensor as your input. Do
you think you can generate enough voltage to trigger the relay? (EXPLAIN) <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">No, the temperature sensor has too much resistance we we do not have enough heat to allow enough voltage to trigger the relay. We would need to use an operational amplifier to step up the voltage in order to trigger the relay.</span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Design a system where LED light turns on when
you heat up the temperature sensor. (CIRCUIT schematic and explanation in a
VIDEO)<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/S7tc81Rh9G0/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/S7tc81Rh9G0?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
This video shows </div>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: blue;"> BONUS! Show the operation of the entire
circuit. (VIDEO)</span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-54176457375061632652016-02-08T05:06:00.002-08:002016-02-15T05:06:12.980-08:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Week 5, 02/08/2016 - 02/12/2016:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">1.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Functional check: Oscilloscope manual page 5. Perform the
functional check (photo).</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange; text-indent: -0.25in;">For question 1 we performed the functional check, a picture of our results is below!</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtxlHYK5trvF9dfFd6hQgj8XxZnyO26AKGOZ4RyFMhDWWWCkmKvngnIzaV6N7EiP8dldNvOW8HUj1rOt_bWaVZPAXD6b4UE_LBwy_fUfstPu_RnAI27dy6gsQLWSyvh8wB84bjJz08i2Op/s1600/IMG_3624.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtxlHYK5trvF9dfFd6hQgj8XxZnyO26AKGOZ4RyFMhDWWWCkmKvngnIzaV6N7EiP8dldNvOW8HUj1rOt_bWaVZPAXD6b4UE_LBwy_fUfstPu_RnAI27dy6gsQLWSyvh8wB84bjJz08i2Op/s400/IMG_3624.JPG" width="298" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">This picture shows the results of the functional check.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">2. Perform manual probe compensation
(Oscilloscope manual page 8) (Photo of overcompensation and proper
compensation).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">F</span><span style="background-color: white; color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">or question 2 we manually compensated for our probe. Depending on if you are over or under compensated you can see different results. Turn the screw on the probe to show the proper signals. Two pictures of the compensations are below!</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJmjXA3DAJvJMELx_25ZBEMs4npgX-Ac6JH7sIt4s5WuWbkwr-P9UDThItfi7cEd7dkf-wX-oLgNYQcVYQOLXKvE70WnjvRA9pdjfRS3HUGX96gL3NbZSqJx-dhhsrSFEFryeJD9DcxGjh/s1600/IMG_3625.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJmjXA3DAJvJMELx_25ZBEMs4npgX-Ac6JH7sIt4s5WuWbkwr-P9UDThItfi7cEd7dkf-wX-oLgNYQcVYQOLXKvE70WnjvRA9pdjfRS3HUGX96gL3NbZSqJx-dhhsrSFEFryeJD9DcxGjh/s320/IMG_3625.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">This is the graph of an overcompensated probe.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy4rhOWNYuBZE6GPQpD_PdPw0oPVZDy5x9JbvOP3XL8gyo8y0BsJJAJXrHDsHUYVJTN7OwMevtfCDPH45x0GTnCPcT2zc1qqGPSTmY5tdsLOSXocrHoHZ4j4852MSmKiCGlJEi8rW2lLYC/s1600/IMG_3624.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy4rhOWNYuBZE6GPQpD_PdPw0oPVZDy5x9JbvOP3XL8gyo8y0BsJJAJXrHDsHUYVJTN7OwMevtfCDPH45x0GTnCPcT2zc1qqGPSTmY5tdsLOSXocrHoHZ4j4852MSmKiCGlJEi8rW2lLYC/s320/IMG_3624.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">This is the same picture as above, a properly compensated probe.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: white; color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 17.5pt;">3. What does probe attenuation (1x
vs 10x) do (Oscilloscope manual page 9)?</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 17.5pt;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="color: orange;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 33.6px;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">When the probe is on 1x, the bandwidth of the Oscilloscope is only 7Mhz. When on 10x you can use the full bandwidth of the Oscilloscope.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 33.6px;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 17.5pt;">4. How do vertical and horizontal
controls work? Why would you need it (Oscilloscope manual pages 34-35)?</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">
</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: 23.3333px; line-height: 33.6px;">Horizontal and vertical controls can be adjusted by the knobs on the Oscilloscope. Vertical control allows to shift the wave up or down. Horizontal control allows to shift the wave left or right. Using them you can adjust the position of all channel and math wave forms. You need it to help compare waves.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">5. Generate a 1 kHz, 1 Vpp around a
DC 2 V from the function generator (use the output connector). DO NOT USE oscilloscope
probes for the function generator. There is a separate BNC cable for the
function generator.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">a. Connect this to the oscilloscope and verify the input
signal using the horizontal and vertical readings (photo). </span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">After connecting the function generator to the oscilloscope we got a graph. Two pictures of the graph are below. Peak to peak value is 1V.</span><br />
<span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigIQvC1hNzc2iaa-fAYOL9E9x9iEcMn1NHwEIQ9JvHzcgg4TDrepCLDRNVVdDHb8N6pQBfbPHylg4C0ouvvYi0Wx73oSkaHoarnI55jSvhr9cemuqmHqbQizEfUjz-6wE83cETLb_lYUk3/s1600/IMG_3626.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigIQvC1hNzc2iaa-fAYOL9E9x9iEcMn1NHwEIQ9JvHzcgg4TDrepCLDRNVVdDHb8N6pQBfbPHylg4C0ouvvYi0Wx73oSkaHoarnI55jSvhr9cemuqmHqbQizEfUjz-6wE83cETLb_lYUk3/s320/IMG_3626.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">This is the function we generated. </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiymFl9vTUsykMwm0WCug1b6tYiWBqjptknstrlVn7R3DIOk1Lczu-MLlJgxsFilgdA1DDNiOxfNwGr-_h8C3Zham2fHzd3q-8wETpQ_LJ-bgL1jM7DV-lcvdlaChmUyuvtJuVC2TybT4fr/s1600/IMG_3627.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiymFl9vTUsykMwm0WCug1b6tYiWBqjptknstrlVn7R3DIOk1Lczu-MLlJgxsFilgdA1DDNiOxfNwGr-_h8C3Zham2fHzd3q-8wETpQ_LJ-bgL1jM7DV-lcvdlaChmUyuvtJuVC2TybT4fr/s320/IMG_3627.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">This is the same function as above, shifted upward and right.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">b. Figure out how to measure the signal properties using menu buttons on the scope.</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">By pressing the measure button you can see the signal properties of the scope. Do not forget to choose proper channel first. There is a yellow button and a blue button and a both button can help us show wave separate or together. </span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">6. Connect function generator and
oscilloscope probes switched (red to black, black to red). What happens? Why?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;"><br /></span></span>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: 23.3333px; line-height: 33.6px;">The oscilloscope does not read anything when the cables are switched. This is because the probe is the input and that the other grounded. The function generators black cable is also ground, so when you switch the cables it grounds everything.</span></span></span></span><br />
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</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">7. After calibrating the second
probe, implement the voltage divider circuit below. Measure the following
voltages using the Oscilloscope and comment on your results:</span><br />
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</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7nGprGkHP5aKU6lD4mV3bPSaJmZijxdpieCYxmeq6x0xrjq0dMfJI-KyyDUE6pSNMOclOYST_wv40M0orPekzmtgz3dMG4Ip8mnD_am6ASHF5ir6_457ZmC9NoX5-nICbXs1eKo8Jom9v/s1600/week+5+%25237.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7nGprGkHP5aKU6lD4mV3bPSaJmZijxdpieCYxmeq6x0xrjq0dMfJI-KyyDUE6pSNMOclOYST_wv40M0orPekzmtgz3dMG4Ip8mnD_am6ASHF5ir6_457ZmC9NoX5-nICbXs1eKo8Jom9v/s320/week+5+%25237.GIF" width="182" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">a.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">V</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">a </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">and
V</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">b </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">at
the same time (Photo)</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="color: orange;">The two pictures below are our readings of Va and Vb at the same time. Va = 216mV and Vb = 331mV.</span></span></span><br />
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<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrsYS2y1WcAlmkrjwyPFh4ph7U3h1eZJZtHnqmUyjzCY38knWqpO-zHF2MmTz03oj7By9E4omYLKbI1A6ziAfveLBpa5ydrkTWwmVj0f8Wh34kVDNFQLf5iWHXC77a2dMYBMWh5_FlBhyphenhyphenU/s1600/IMG_3630.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrsYS2y1WcAlmkrjwyPFh4ph7U3h1eZJZtHnqmUyjzCY38knWqpO-zHF2MmTz03oj7By9E4omYLKbI1A6ziAfveLBpa5ydrkTWwmVj0f8Wh34kVDNFQLf5iWHXC77a2dMYBMWh5_FlBhyphenhyphenU/s320/IMG_3630.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">This shows Va and Vb spread apart.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0-m6neU6IwJnCUfeA_Oe67SdQ2yGVRb9CWK4SD2CsE7hg5ues3ZRnYKPiJhwTK0yi-pCgj9NY1JIcbQorF0bXVC5dS9_WJZ7oRfFH5mR4GLZxi-Mx-ype66qH1ssvNCJKXndVPHuptbpp/s1600/IMG_3632.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0-m6neU6IwJnCUfeA_Oe67SdQ2yGVRb9CWK4SD2CsE7hg5ues3ZRnYKPiJhwTK0yi-pCgj9NY1JIcbQorF0bXVC5dS9_WJZ7oRfFH5mR4GLZxi-Mx-ype66qH1ssvNCJKXndVPHuptbpp/s320/IMG_3632.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: orange;">This show Va and Vb stacked upon each other.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">b. Voltage across R</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">4</span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: 17.5pt;">We using the value of Va and Vb to calculate the voltage across R4 to be 115mV.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">8. For the same circuit above,
measure V</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">a</span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">
and V</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">b</span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">
using the handheld DMM both in AC and DC mode. What are your findings? Explain.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange; font-size: 17.5pt;">A table of our readings are below. After looking that the measurements we found that Vb = 2Va. All the resistors have the same value and the bottom part connect ground ,which means the Va is the voltage across R5 and Vb is the voltage across R5 and R4. So Vb = 2 Va is proved.</span></span><br />
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AC (V)<o:p></o:p></div>
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DC (mV)<o:p></o:p></div>
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Va<o:p></o:p></div>
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.058<o:p></o:p></div>
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26.4<o:p></o:p></div>
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Vb<o:p></o:p></div>
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.1118<o:p></o:p></div>
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52.9<o:p></o:p></div>
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</span><br />
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<o:p><span style="color: orange;"> This is a table of our measurements.</span></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">9.</span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">For the circuit below</span></span><br />
<div style="text-indent: 0px;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; text-indent: -0.25in;">a. Calculate R so given voltage values are
satisfied. Explain your work (video)</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; text-indent: -0.25in;">The video below explains the work that we did to find our value for R7. We calculated that R7 is roughly equal to 6k ohms.</span><br />
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<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YoJN7N4MoM4/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YoJN7N4MoM4?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small; text-indent: -0.25in;">This video explains our work for 9 A.</span></div>
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<div style="text-indent: 0px;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-stretch: normal;">b. </span><span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Construct the circuit and measure the values
with the DMM and oscilloscope (video). Hint: 1k</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Ω</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> cannot be probed
directly by the scope. But R6 and R7 are in series and it does not matter which
one is connected to the function generator.</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span></span><br />
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</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBDnEIE_PuEbvi4L9dTMy8g0Iz7Ac93saiols6wmDu8xkYtSsV9Tn1nJqhm1Zy1nlAcQG_seNjQfiGiwLEfXoV5b_5NMotxRYedxI239VgouPxdlt7cfGl_te6-vfmBYt_Dnfslzz3jy30/s1600/Week+5+9B.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBDnEIE_PuEbvi4L9dTMy8g0Iz7Ac93saiols6wmDu8xkYtSsV9Tn1nJqhm1Zy1nlAcQG_seNjQfiGiwLEfXoV5b_5NMotxRYedxI239VgouPxdlt7cfGl_te6-vfmBYt_Dnfslzz3jy30/s320/Week+5+9B.GIF" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large; text-indent: -0.25in;">The video below shows our work for 9 B.</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YIwACQiq9CY/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YIwACQiq9CY?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: orange;">This video discusses question 9 B.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">10. Operational amplifier basics:
Construct the following circuits using the pin diagram of the opamp. The half
circle on top of the pin diagram corresponds to the notch on the integrated circuit
(IC). Explanations of the pin numbers are below:</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjERgU-UzUk1gnJ3xSEm8HK_PJE3Hyr97DEe1clfP6cDpK6JyiBRy57Hc6PYa6__5JfWcLv2afs51ZyC3g1nwhbv8kYNHWfz_kJB4W9pd8y_j4wxQYNQJmWGTgLcUxl3s3khlyB7jCi5vjo/s1600/Week+5+10.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjERgU-UzUk1gnJ3xSEm8HK_PJE3Hyr97DEe1clfP6cDpK6JyiBRy57Hc6PYa6__5JfWcLv2afs51ZyC3g1nwhbv8kYNHWfz_kJB4W9pd8y_j4wxQYNQJmWGTgLcUxl3s3khlyB7jCi5vjo/s400/Week+5+10.GIF" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">a.<span style="font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Inverting amplifier: R</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">in</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">= 1k</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Ω</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">, R</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">f</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> = 5k</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Ω</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> (do not forget -10 V and +10 V). Apply 1 V</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">pp </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">@ 1kHz. Observe input and output at
the same time. What happens if you slowly increase the input voltage up to 5 V?
Explain your findings. (Video)</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="color: orange; text-indent: -0.25in;">We found that for a gain of negative 5 that the output would be multiplied by that. But as you get closer to a certain value the output stops changing. A video below discusses it.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: orange;">This video discusses 10 A.</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">b.</span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">Non-inverting amplifier: R</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">= 1k</span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">Ω</span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">, R</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">2</span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">=
5k</span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">Ω</span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">(do not forget -10 V and +10 V).
Apply 1 V</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">pp</span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;">@
1kHz.Observe input and output at the same time. What happens if you slowly
increase the input voltage up to 5 V? Explain your findings. (Video)</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: 17.5pt;"><span style="color: orange; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The video below discusses our findings for question 10 B. We found that the gain was roughly 6, but after a certain point the output stopped changing values.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: orange;">This video discuses 10 B. It was wrongly labeled 9 B.</span></div>
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Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-31321638726085618262016-02-01T05:13:00.000-08:002016-02-08T03:02:39.568-08:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Week 4, 2/1-2/5:</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1.<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">(Table and graph) Use the transistor
by itself. The goal is to create the graph for I</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">C
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">(y axis) versus V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">BE</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> (x axis). Connect base and collector. Use 10K potentiometer
to generate the voltage. Use 5 V but DO NOT EXCEED 1 V for V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">BE</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">. Make sure you have the required
voltage value set before applying it to the base. Transistor might get really
hot. Do not TOUCH THE TRANSISTOR! Make sure to get enough data points to graph.
(Suggestion: measure for V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">BE</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">
= 0V, 0.5V, and 1V and fill the gaps if necessary by taking extra
measurements).</span></span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR9RyXEs7BrPK3WHBya5VyWvdaIeY_x6XYnYHUK2-y8UWVyW1hBjw9XZv66geNwbGSOGKb_wEFyF9F82URMSnqQHMcZKV9zNCLNUm__wHx3nRfHIbw-vB9bUp2IfGeiJidLAokRVyRc-rW/s1600/week+4+pic+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR9RyXEs7BrPK3WHBya5VyWvdaIeY_x6XYnYHUK2-y8UWVyW1hBjw9XZv66geNwbGSOGKb_wEFyF9F82URMSnqQHMcZKV9zNCLNUm__wHx3nRfHIbw-vB9bUp2IfGeiJidLAokRVyRc-rW/s320/week+4+pic+1.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">This was the circuit given for us to build.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6MWX3UAkAJJainwF2qvN_tJQB6GVDEeglEKnSZQ5yVErmk8r5oadiwULbR__2tf-hhXVxz3biGt-FppXOW4RRjThroi8PtSEO5a2i00aUYxV6hbkqwOSdJ9nKQSjJjeuyrq9LliPINDte/s1600/week+4+pic+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6MWX3UAkAJJainwF2qvN_tJQB6GVDEeglEKnSZQ5yVErmk8r5oadiwULbR__2tf-hhXVxz3biGt-FppXOW4RRjThroi8PtSEO5a2i00aUYxV6hbkqwOSdJ9nKQSjJjeuyrq9LliPINDte/s320/week+4+pic+4.jpg" width="237" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Pictured above is the circuit that we built.</span></td></tr>
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Vbe (V)</div>
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Ic (mA)</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.75pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.75pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.75pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.518</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.75pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.0035</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.75pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.652</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.75pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.22</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.75pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.707</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.75pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
31.78</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.75pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.962</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.75pt;" valign="top" width="130"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
119.50</div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The table above contains the voltage values for BE and current for C.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5bREV4wYRtg8_wzXMT6OOyJ4bpZhRDiMgsiKzbeDlo_bgN1zWU5K7zfsNYxOF0hNB6X2yoa5s-32vHR_VEO110N1FlM2ytZVuGAOZQz18XI7OMf2EaBU3H9zun2qnUTsvO5eztYu6FinG/s1600/week+4+graph+1.1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5bREV4wYRtg8_wzXMT6OOyJ4bpZhRDiMgsiKzbeDlo_bgN1zWU5K7zfsNYxOF0hNB6X2yoa5s-32vHR_VEO110N1FlM2ytZVuGAOZQz18XI7OMf2EaBU3H9zun2qnUTsvO5eztYu6FinG/s400/week+4+graph+1.1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This line graph displays our data.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">2. <span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">(Table and graph) Create the graph
for I</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">C</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> (y
axis) versus V</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">CE</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">
(x axis). Vary VCE from 0 V to 5 V. Do this measurement for 3 different VBE values:
0V, 0.7V, and 0.8V. </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXRso6Vw98C9IBpM1hlBiA5aJw0uum1GLZm1KwhssZvU5PBlDeoclRyqrV9zXVWoDTGxrBdr5EBjZLsAEABoe1UvzTmjCqlrE7dJ0zXfrI5J0_NWWbQYdHC0-VIgf3AWvQKervFIba4nRn/s1600/week+4+pic+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="144" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXRso6Vw98C9IBpM1hlBiA5aJw0uum1GLZm1KwhssZvU5PBlDeoclRyqrV9zXVWoDTGxrBdr5EBjZLsAEABoe1UvzTmjCqlrE7dJ0zXfrI5J0_NWWbQYdHC0-VIgf3AWvQKervFIba4nRn/s320/week+4+pic+2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">The picture above is what the circuit should look like.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGuVXFzNewV1Z_h53ICg9STaw8Z7suLVZRFmle_9Fh3DHOz1y8yLN9W0HoqhJd9OMsmT9XnQ1ZlvSTyIpk5qBaP_MpAZ8bZ3Vkg8or970h0b5v3S4SQpE6Sl_XPMivWlsXy5tquLIlpthY/s1600/IMG_3605+%25281%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGuVXFzNewV1Z_h53ICg9STaw8Z7suLVZRFmle_9Fh3DHOz1y8yLN9W0HoqhJd9OMsmT9XnQ1ZlvSTyIpk5qBaP_MpAZ8bZ3Vkg8or970h0b5v3S4SQpE6Sl_XPMivWlsXy5tquLIlpthY/s320/IMG_3605+%25281%2529.JPG" width="238" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">The picture above is the circuit that we built.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.5pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Vce (V)</div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.5pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Vbe (V)</div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.5pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Ic (mA)</div>
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<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.5pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.985</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.5pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.5pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.5pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.985</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.5pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.707</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.5pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.9</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.5pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.985</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.5pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.795</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 46.5pt;" valign="top" width="93"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
39.2</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This chart is when Vce is at nearly 1V.</span></div>
<div align="center">
<br />
<br />
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 13.85pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.0pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Vce (V)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.0pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Vbe (V)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.0pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Ic (mA)</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.0pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.05</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.0pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.0pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.0pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.05</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.0pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.702</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.0pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.3</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 13.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.0pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.05</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.0pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.795</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 47.0pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
73.9</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div align="center">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This chart is when Vce is at nearly 3V.</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.15pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Vce (V)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.15pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Vbe (V)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.15pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ic (mA)</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.15pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4.98</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.15pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.15pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.15pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4.98</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.15pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
.695</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.15pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5.7</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.15pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4.98</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.15pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
.796</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 45.15pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
198.5</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This chart is when Vce is at nearly 5V.</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK0fLwOffEhzMw6eSxXjwcC-lK6Nn0stlEFq2Q_zLRS0YT0y1r8TGBOSdRj7k9b5F_5OiD6XKv2-df-GvJgNurqbc0OhSe1vVDcP7CiHMXDPyf7aaUqtNas0kOpMe_9DZo7IvNAPwh0jzv/s1600/week+4+%25232.2.22.2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK0fLwOffEhzMw6eSxXjwcC-lK6Nn0stlEFq2Q_zLRS0YT0y1r8TGBOSdRj7k9b5F_5OiD6XKv2-df-GvJgNurqbc0OhSe1vVDcP7CiHMXDPyf7aaUqtNas0kOpMe_9DZo7IvNAPwh0jzv/s400/week+4+%25232.2.22.2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This graph compares Ic versus the different values of Vce.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">3. (Table) Apply the following bias
voltages and fill out the table. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">How is I</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">C</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> and I</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">B</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">
related? Does your data support your theory? </span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Ic and Ib are related by beta. Beta is calculated by dividing Ic by Ib.Our data supports the theory because as IC increases, IB increased by a nearly proportional amount</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><br />
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
VBE (V)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
VCE (V)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
IC (mA)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
IB (mA)</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.710</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.00</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5.26</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.034</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.753</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.00</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
15.6</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.106</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.796</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.00</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
50.26</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.6pt;" valign="top" width="121"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.364</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The table above contains our results from measuring the voltages and currents of the transistor.
</span></div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4. (Table) Explain photocell outputs
with different light settings. Create a table for the light conditions and
photocell resistance.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The photocell increases in resistance as light decreases. The more light that is on the photocell the more resistance the photocell will provide. The less light, the less resistance. A table of our observations is below. For limited light we covered the cell. For normal light we did not change the light. For increased light we used a flashlight on the cell.</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><br />
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.0pt;" valign="top" width="226"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Status</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.0pt;" valign="top" width="226"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Resistance (kilo ohms)</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.0pt;" valign="top" width="226"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Limited light</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.0pt;" valign="top" width="226"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
11.5</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.0pt;" valign="top" width="226"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Normal light</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.0pt;" valign="top" width="226"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.56</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.0pt;" valign="top" width="226"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Increased light</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.0pt;" valign="top" width="226"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.370</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The table above contains our measurements for resistance on the photocell.
</span></div>
<div align="center">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12.0pt;">5. (Table) Apply voltage (0 to 5 V
with 1 V s</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12.0pt;">teps) to DC motor directly and measure the current using the DMM.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span><br />
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 12.55pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Voltage (V)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Current (mA)</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
.97</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
25.9</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.06</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
33.3</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.95</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
38.7</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.07</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
45.3</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 12.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.95</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 83.5pt;" valign="top" width="167"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
49.7</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The table above contains our measurements for voltage and current applied directly to the DC motor.
</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">6. Apply 2 V to the DC motor and
measure the current. Repeat this by increasing the load on the DC motor.
Slightly pinching the shaft would do the trick. </span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">A table below shows our data from measuring the motor. 2.06 V were applied for the test. Our load was slightly pinching the shaft of the motor.</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><br />
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Status</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
Current (mA)</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
No Load</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
33.4</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
With Load</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
85.3</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The table above contains our observed current values when changing the load on the motor.
</span></div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7. (Video) Create the circuit below (same circuit from week 1). Explain the operation in detail.</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">when we covered the photo sensor, the value of it is big. Because of voltage divide, the voltage across resistor (R6=1k) is really small. So Ib small lead the current go through the DC motor small. In this conditon, motor goes slowly. when we light the photo sensor, the voltage of R6 increased. Ib increased cause Ic increased. Motor turns faster.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXqFX9yBpB0rGVtIqx7ICSeXtYVwmDarynXdYRrop87DwhVJhL9fn6QfSfR-8i7vYVR00ma_UHuCfCWhGFg9tHnut64Gxx8836UadDu94NXYbj5JmYwX1sRcFvzwV_8RMuke8vA8qstfp0/s1600/week+4+pic+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXqFX9yBpB0rGVtIqx7ICSeXtYVwmDarynXdYRrop87DwhVJhL9fn6QfSfR-8i7vYVR00ma_UHuCfCWhGFg9tHnut64Gxx8836UadDu94NXYbj5JmYwX1sRcFvzwV_8RMuke8vA8qstfp0/s320/week+4+pic+3.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">This is the circuit that we had to construct.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The video above describes the circuit that we constructed.</span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">8. Explain R</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">s
role by changing its value to a smaller and bigger resistors and observing the
voltage and the current at the collector of the transistor. <o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">R</span><span style="font-size: 8pt;">4</span> limits the amount of current the motor gets. With a stronger resistor the motor will turn at a slower rate. With a smaller resistor the motor will turn faster. A table of our observations is below. Actually, when we short R4 is unreasonable, it might burn the transistor. However, we could not find a resistance smaller than 47. Two resistance in parallel can create a smaller one but we did not remember at that time.</span></span><br />
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Resistor (Ohms)</div>
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Voltage (Volts)</div>
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Current (mA)</div>
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0 (short circuit)</div>
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0</div>
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32.3</div>
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47 (original size)</div>
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1.6</div>
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28.75</div>
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310</div>
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9.50</div>
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24.3</div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The table above compares the differences in current and voltage based on resistor size.</span>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">9. (Video) Create your own Rube
Goldberg setup.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">For our Rube Goldberg set up we will have the motor pull a string attached to a mouse trap. The mouse trap will be dragged into the circuit and will activate to send a ping pong ball flying in a general direction. A video of it is below.</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/f_R7wYNKQk0/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/f_R7wYNKQk0?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The video above shows our Rube Goldberg machine in action.</span></div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-44268758206221826782016-01-25T06:44:00.001-08:002016-02-01T04:50:17.675-08:00Monday, January 25, 2016<br />
<br />
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Week 3, 1/25-1/29:</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">1. </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Compare the calculated and measured
equivalent resistance values between the nodes A an</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">d B</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">for three circuit configurations
given below. Choose your own resistors. (Tab</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">le) Picture 1 are the circuits that we had to build.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlKlVBgEWy0OthIafhlWhEnwGgLnueyUDdLThzmBNu6yUUp8CbTD9BgepDjp9O-ehRjhpxk3STu_1dD-nbgy_h6iYgNKMBjKcrcUWS3emsR7Izbd4hbEJuD-xY08ylrXYOjq2G_U09MJSM/s1600/Week+3+%25231.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" height="89" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlKlVBgEWy0OthIafhlWhEnwGgLnueyUDdLThzmBNu6yUUp8CbTD9BgepDjp9O-ehRjhpxk3STu_1dD-nbgy_h6iYgNKMBjKcrcUWS3emsR7Izbd4hbEJuD-xY08ylrXYOjq2G_U09MJSM/s400/Week+3+%25231.GIF" title="" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture 1</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">We chose resistors all equal to 120</span>Ω and then calculated what the total resistance should be. After calculating we build the circuit and then measured using a DMM to double check our work. A table of our measurements is below.<br />
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Circuit</div>
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Calculated Resistance</div>
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Measured Resistance</div>
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A</div>
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40Ω</div>
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39.8Ω</div>
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B</div>
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180Ω</div>
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178.1Ω</div>
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C</div>
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200Ω</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
197.4Ω</div>
</td>
</tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">2. Apply 5V on a 120 Ω resistor. Measure the current by putting the multimeter in
series and parallel. Why are they different?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">When in parallel we get 0mA and when in series we get roughly 41mA. This is due to needing to have to break the circuit to measure the current. When the probe is in </span>parallel<span style="font-family: inherit;"> with the resistor, it will short the circuit resistor. So no current flow can be measured through the resistor.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">3. Apply 5 V to two resistors (47 Ω
and 120 Ω) that are in series. Compare the measured and calculated
values of voltage and current values on each resistor.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The resistors in series will make an equivalent resistance of 167</span>Ω. Using this resistance we calculated the voltage and resistance and current and then measured each. The 120Ω resistor was placed before the 47Ω resistor. A table of our results is below.<br />
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<tbody>
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Resistor</div>
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(Ω)</div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Calculated Current (mA)<o:p></o:p></div>
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Measured Current (mA)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Calculated Voltage (V)<o:p></o:p></div>
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Measured Voltage (V)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
47<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
33.4<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
29.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.39<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.44<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
120<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
33.4<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
29.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.54<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.74<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">4. Apply 5 V to two resistors (47 Ω
and 120 Ω) that are in parallel. Compare the measured and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">calculated values of voltage and
current values on each resistor. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The resistors in parallel with make an equivalent resistance of roughly 33.77</span>Ω. Using each resistor we calculated the voltage and current and then measured each. A table of our results is below.<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Resistor<br />
(Ω)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Calculated Current (mA)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Measured Current (mA)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Calculated Voltage (V)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Measured Voltage (V)</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
47</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
108.51</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
97.10</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5.10</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
120</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
42.75</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
41.40</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 79.8pt;" valign="top" width="106"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5.10</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">5. Compare the calculated and
measured values of the following current and voltage for the circuit below:
(breadboard photo) Picture 2 is the circuit we had to build. Picture 3 is what we built.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">a. Current on 2 kΩ resistor, <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.1pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Resistor(<span style="color: #666666; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Ω</span>)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 115.15pt;" valign="top" width="154"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Measured current(mA)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Calculated Current(mA)</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.1pt;" valign="top" width="80"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
2k</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 115.15pt;" valign="top" width="154"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
2.03</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
1.98</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">b. Voltage across both 1.2 kΩ resistors.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.35pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Resistor(k<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-size: 13.5pt;">Ω</span>)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 107.9pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Measured Voltage(V)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
Calculated Voltage(V)</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.35pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
1.2(1)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 107.9pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
0.72</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
0.70</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.35pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
1.2(2)</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 107.9pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
0.85</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
0.83</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjghr0XtJpAQ1WfG3WabSkJ_zQTPmvEYwQG-NW9hH-M0Yt9ZrMWlST47M8O6VnWsWvT2b7-OfoToGc6o2KnMhKxyAbl18IBjNiSsy9pK_GMdv6xurhAYAFlx2I29Glvlb_YRg02V2uoKpIl/s1600/Week+3+%25235.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjghr0XtJpAQ1WfG3WabSkJ_zQTPmvEYwQG-NW9hH-M0Yt9ZrMWlST47M8O6VnWsWvT2b7-OfoToGc6o2KnMhKxyAbl18IBjNiSsy9pK_GMdv6xurhAYAFlx2I29Glvlb_YRg02V2uoKpIl/s1600/Week+3+%25235.GIF" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture 2</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid8FbX9k3jwB0yLy6XYGFoKEqJ0R4p6QRQu6Kaxo8m61a593n7lIeq_Dv5rvVuKA246Iga-6Y3FO0U3QHGP1RL-fDmKso2UYmLCnfSjHJUXtbnl4vn9XMIpuGcLXHCFMquPSdZ2YI3DmUp/s1600/IMG_3591.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid8FbX9k3jwB0yLy6XYGFoKEqJ0R4p6QRQu6Kaxo8m61a593n7lIeq_Dv5rvVuKA246Iga-6Y3FO0U3QHGP1RL-fDmKso2UYmLCnfSjHJUXtbnl4vn9XMIpuGcLXHCFMquPSdZ2YI3DmUp/s320/IMG_3591.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture 3</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">6.What would be the equivalent
resistance value of the circuit above (between the power supply nodes)?</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The equivalent resistance value of the circuit above was measured at 2530</span>Ω. The calculated value is 2519.7Ω.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">7. Measure the equivalent resistance
with and without the 5 V power supply. Are they different? Why?</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The equivalent resistances are the same with or without the 5V power supply. Resistance is independent from voltage or current.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">8. Explain the operation of a </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">potentiometer by measuring the
resistance values between the terminals (there are 3 terminals, so there would
be 3 combinations). (video)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">The two sides of the potentiometer are A and B. The middle terminal is C. AB will always be 10K</span>Ω, however, AC and BC may change based on the position of the knob. Video 1 describers the potentiometer.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/10ibiC7ieRg/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/10ibiC7ieRg?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Video 1</div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">9. What would be the minimum and
maximum voltage that can be obtained at V1 by changing the knob position of the
5 KΩ pot? Explain.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The maximum voltage V1 can obtain would be 5V, the minimum would be nearly 0V, When the knob position is at the top of the resistor </span>and V1 measures whole resistor, V1 would have 5V. As you move down the knob, V1's voltage will decrease. When the knob is at the bottom of the resistor and V1 measure the voltage across the wire, V1 will have nearly no voltage running through it.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">10. How are V1 and V2 related and
how do they change with the position of the knob of the pot? (video)</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">V1 is not related to V2 for voltage. V1 always equals to 5V. V2 may change because of the knob adjusting the resistance of the resistor. Adjusting the resistor will change the current of the circuit but the voltage will stay the same. Video 2 discusses the values of V1 and V2.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/hFp4dbcQ2bI/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hFp4dbcQ2bI?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Video 2.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">11. For the circuit below, YOU
SHOULD NOT turn down the potentiometer all the way down to reach 0 Ω. Why?</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5ThJpPbtjwD9tZhLdL2-Wd6_tYpBru5Vn3st3IC9g0q3YVYvX4kr3TW6WhOgvY-8zC0aONF6QR4JQ57GV4DOyUxzc76C2pcf2LdljgRdA6lrlfIXByEKUERvgfZctHER3y34616Qvn1kC/s1600/Capture.GIF" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5ThJpPbtjwD9tZhLdL2-Wd6_tYpBru5Vn3st3IC9g0q3YVYvX4kr3TW6WhOgvY-8zC0aONF6QR4JQ57GV4DOyUxzc76C2pcf2LdljgRdA6lrlfIXByEKUERvgfZctHER3y34616Qvn1kC/s320/Capture.GIF" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture 4</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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You should not set the potentiometer all the way down to 0Ω because then it will short the circuit. None of the current will go to the 1K fuse if the meter is at 0Ω. Picture 4 is above and shows the circuit we built to show how the fuse would be shorted.</div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">12. How are current values of 1 kΩ resistor and 5 KΩ pot related and how do they change with the position of the
knob of the pot? (video) </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The current of 1k</span>Ω resistor will be 5.1mA when there is a 5.1V power supply. Unless the pot is turned down until there is no resistance and then the circuit is shorted, the current of 1kΩ should not change. Videos 3 and 4 describe this relationship.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/JmHMuEjPcKQ/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JmHMuEjPcKQ?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video 3</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8jHobOH2KbA/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8jHobOH2KbA?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video 4</div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">13. Explain what a voltage divider
is and how it works based on your experiment.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Voltage division is how voltage is distributed across resistors in series. A voltage divider is a piece of equipment that allows you to decide how voltage is distributed within a series circuit. You can adjust the resistance of the potentiometer to decide the voltage drop off of resistors after it.</span></div>
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<br />
<br />
14. Explain what a current divider is and how it works based on your experiment.<br />
<br />
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<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Current division is how current is distributed across
resistors in parallel. A current divider is a piece of equipment that allows
you to decide how current is distributed within a parallel circuit. You can
adjust the resistance of the potentiometer to short parts of a circuit or make
more current flow through a set resistor.</span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-24786671425441217012016-01-20T06:15:00.000-08:002016-01-25T04:55:29.009-08:00<div style="text-align: center;">
Week 2, 1/18-1/22:</div>
<br />
1. What is the role of A/B switch? If you are on A, would B still give you a voltage?<br />
<br />
The role of the A/B switch is to show measurements for either the A or B power supply. If you are on A, B will still give you a voltage.<br />
<br />
2. In each channel, there is a current specification (either 0.5 A or 4 A). What does that mean?<br />
<br />
The current specification means that the .5A or the 4A is the highest amount of amperage that the power supply will tolerate.<br />
<br />
3. Your power supply has two main operation modes for A and B channels; independent and tracking. How do those operation work? (Video)<br />
<br />
The two main modes, independent and tracking can be changed by a switch. Independent mode allows A and B to power independently from each other. Tracking can be broken down into two different sub modes. Series tracking puts A and B into series allowing you to have a circuit with 0-48V and .5A. Parallel tracking puts A and B into parallel allowing you to have a circuit with 0-24V and 1A. A video is shown below how to change the output mode. Below is a video showing you how to switch the modes.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/4ajDnz4ShLM/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4ajDnz4ShLM?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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This video discusses the independent and tracking modes.</div>
<br />
<br />
4. Can you generate +30 V using a combination of the power supply outputs? How? (Photo)<br />
<br />
Yes, You put the power supply into series tracking and can set A/B into any combination of voltages that add up to +30V. Pictures of our set up are below. The different voltage between two probes is 30V. However, you can also connect negative B to ground to set negative B into 0 V and positive A into +30V.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiWQKVPN5McBvKsmOaEkpNLo3_B0qqzykDzn40uG1WG5NV1MMzHTdzhfusqBABhoJP_XyOVrNXX0ucgFfvGPQ12kcwID-Kaq3v7wdS8ZN6FRei6VOL3RMFfw8OqxOCL7q_Oq9e8IXoKUwI/s1600/IMG_3561+%25283%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiWQKVPN5McBvKsmOaEkpNLo3_B0qqzykDzn40uG1WG5NV1MMzHTdzhfusqBABhoJP_XyOVrNXX0ucgFfvGPQ12kcwID-Kaq3v7wdS8ZN6FRei6VOL3RMFfw8OqxOCL7q_Oq9e8IXoKUwI/s320/IMG_3561+%25283%2529.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
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This is our circuit board.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDBCDY9mqhkkVvn5kKkQ3aWV3yFDe17F2_NZTtnkPNaOLD0ljYF3tyRYHscOSt4gbBjJrcwWXt6lVhyJAYBnSKXsHCpVJdgAeGF6wbZg2xaIOcLydKbgATJQwEUrCOceq6uAbpPKjmeUql/s1600/IMG_3562+%25281%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDBCDY9mqhkkVvn5kKkQ3aWV3yFDe17F2_NZTtnkPNaOLD0ljYF3tyRYHscOSt4gbBjJrcwWXt6lVhyJAYBnSKXsHCpVJdgAeGF6wbZg2xaIOcLydKbgATJQwEUrCOceq6uAbpPKjmeUql/s320/IMG_3562+%25281%2529.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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This is our power supply.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9rFBevycNFqLSr70D-f-3NWggGCdSQ_iRCpAZMp64F8NAoKKXB9QaKRGQPfxxHUwdZXv5bBrHULCZsgghQLzWASn3rmL_IQGLWS2DTToCuc8drK-_cwLP43GPTisBIxZamjKSLJJO0-am/s1600/IMG_3563.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9rFBevycNFqLSr70D-f-3NWggGCdSQ_iRCpAZMp64F8NAoKKXB9QaKRGQPfxxHUwdZXv5bBrHULCZsgghQLzWASn3rmL_IQGLWS2DTToCuc8drK-_cwLP43GPTisBIxZamjKSLJJO0-am/s320/IMG_3563.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
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This is our DMM reading 30V.</div>
<br />
5. Can you generate -30 V using a combination of the power supply outputs? How? (Photo)<br />
<br />
Yes, To generate -30V you would switch your terminals around from A and B. Taking the positive red cord and putting it into B's negative and the negative black cord and plugging it into A's positive. Pictures of our set up is below. We used the same circuit as we did for part 4.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-ajcClUBHVcyvQIBK1DhQ_pgLfsN3hoClql-R_Hu1BSeJ2s7z0_l6nirunl46oyYQqqzSc6ek5FbNuSKQyekUT70aJ_4HzkXL8b0z1R9EoqqCWjF-2gM56jawI8u4LA5_97DX-8cbtVAh/s1600/IMG_3564.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-ajcClUBHVcyvQIBK1DhQ_pgLfsN3hoClql-R_Hu1BSeJ2s7z0_l6nirunl46oyYQqqzSc6ek5FbNuSKQyekUT70aJ_4HzkXL8b0z1R9EoqqCWjF-2gM56jawI8u4LA5_97DX-8cbtVAh/s320/IMG_3564.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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This is our power supply.</div>
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhF_m5_6tt4evL7xD2b2JYMDbl6Ua1FDRP4VN8w0LcOzxr4pzl1Vp31p3mpTTFor8QlD72DIUOqvAnUbl8FKdjfU0SDx8Ip9-ZRna26c7FaJTWcYfmRTTr_NIinGXeiNmJrU8Oo_diAg-Y/s1600/IMG_3565.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhF_m5_6tt4evL7xD2b2JYMDbl6Ua1FDRP4VN8w0LcOzxr4pzl1Vp31p3mpTTFor8QlD72DIUOqvAnUbl8FKdjfU0SDx8Ip9-ZRna26c7FaJTWcYfmRTTr_NIinGXeiNmJrU8Oo_diAg-Y/s320/IMG_3565.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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This is our DMM reading -30V.</div>
<br />
6. Can you generate +10 V and -10 V at the same time using a combination of the power supply outputs? How? (Photo)<br />
<br />
Yes, you have to set the negative side of A and positive side of B both to ground. When the wires are set in the correct terminals you should be able to read both +10V and -10V on the same circuit in respect to the same ground. Pictures of our set up is below.<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD6KWyEk7-OnGR-hVhkCzB2gm66UELFsPFNOO-gDzTTa1wHzMBkciAiQnLSM5Exwizm8ZDIeOa-465nw8s_VTaqpDKmtbP9q4gVnmao1_dUAKD3BeG9SvJ-msbrIAOiEJE0DfGV3HYKUNo/s1600/IMG_3572.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD6KWyEk7-OnGR-hVhkCzB2gm66UELFsPFNOO-gDzTTa1wHzMBkciAiQnLSM5Exwizm8ZDIeOa-465nw8s_VTaqpDKmtbP9q4gVnmao1_dUAKD3BeG9SvJ-msbrIAOiEJE0DfGV3HYKUNo/s320/IMG_3572.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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This is our power supply set up.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9JfN_LEzkjijIMq45dD_VJXHXLiHLISbpg6Le85GIw_fubmwZHVnsuzZ_mwBvd1FCNUZboX7112fwNT2iN7OrcwMbmdSsiM5NCiDhLETzFXBnnOQ8Ox2O7X47XrHSGXaDUXe6yjh2lez5/s1600/IMG_3573.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9JfN_LEzkjijIMq45dD_VJXHXLiHLISbpg6Le85GIw_fubmwZHVnsuzZ_mwBvd1FCNUZboX7112fwNT2iN7OrcwMbmdSsiM5NCiDhLETzFXBnnOQ8Ox2O7X47XrHSGXaDUXe6yjh2lez5/s320/IMG_3573.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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This is one side of the circuit we measured.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWUBoIZvcvk2V4iPZ3NoXux33BjY2Es_Y1Rn8ThB3d8ITcePyQkywRgoJhuDXbjsSVSXl99CRDW4qb80YpenhQygQlCCiXbAIhcsSf8_MqrHtm7hb7kSm1ITuen3W43h4BSqkwByeFoBj7/s1600/IMG_3574.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWUBoIZvcvk2V4iPZ3NoXux33BjY2Es_Y1Rn8ThB3d8ITcePyQkywRgoJhuDXbjsSVSXl99CRDW4qb80YpenhQygQlCCiXbAIhcsSf8_MqrHtm7hb7kSm1ITuen3W43h4BSqkwByeFoBj7/s320/IMG_3574.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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Our DMM read at roughly 10V.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDOIMdXcGPOZPhzAMKuUVgPSJpbWpipzyiLMPq-U30HIfy3rjDkVRiDNGgDb-naw3XLZKi4p8wFymeVBn0yOdhC7GzdtrhUnHbfWrgWF2MswH7H_Jv-tsZY7lGIF2QpRRtiDTo4tf34DYF/s1600/IMG_3575.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDOIMdXcGPOZPhzAMKuUVgPSJpbWpipzyiLMPq-U30HIfy3rjDkVRiDNGgDb-naw3XLZKi4p8wFymeVBn0yOdhC7GzdtrhUnHbfWrgWF2MswH7H_Jv-tsZY7lGIF2QpRRtiDTo4tf34DYF/s320/IMG_3575.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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This is the other side of the circuit we measured.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7mynqpjJLQJj1C441-jMPYm2viOUe1Q5qiyipDBYmkC0lbPsjMs41xV8ctP7NE-O24nsS8rerkOHBVY1b7BosMLSXDIjTTd-9PDbsc6mhEGIw88h1_bRhA45Yac-U-ibAfJ-Hm1Z9BWMH/s1600/IMG_3576.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7mynqpjJLQJj1C441-jMPYm2viOUe1Q5qiyipDBYmkC0lbPsjMs41xV8ctP7NE-O24nsS8rerkOHBVY1b7BosMLSXDIjTTd-9PDbsc6mhEGIw88h1_bRhA45Yac-U-ibAfJ-Hm1Z9BWMH/s320/IMG_3576.JPG" width="238" /></a></div>
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Now our DMM reads at roughly -10V.</div>
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<br />
7. Apply 5V to a 100 Ω resistor and measure the current by using the DMM (remember the setup in DC 3). Compare the reading with the current meter reading on the power supply. At what angle of the current knob makes the LED light on? If you keep on decreasing the current limit, what happens to the voltage and current? (Video)<br />
<br />
When setting a 100 Ohm resistor with 5V we read that the current was roughly 50mA. At the lowest possible angles the current light came on. When you continue to reduce the current the voltage will also reduce and drop to zero. A video of our work is below.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/QJx90o6otPM/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QJx90o6otPM?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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This video discusses how we were able to reduce the voltage by changing the current.</div>
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<br /></div>
8. Where is the fuse for the power supply? What is it for?<br />
<br />
The fuse is at the back of the power supply unit. It protects the power supply cord.<br />
<br />
9. Where is the fuse for the DMM? What is it for?<br />
<br />
The fuse in the DMM is at the front of the unit next to the input terminals. It protects the multi meter's circuity from receiving too much current.<br />
<br />
10. What is the difference between 2W and 4W resistor measurements?<br />
<br />
When we want to measure low resistance, the 4W resistor will be more accurate than the 2W resistor. 4W means four wires are connected in the circuit to measure the resistor, 2W means two wires are connected in the circuit to measure the resistor.<br />
<br />
11. How would you measure current that is around 10 A using DMM?<br />
<br />
To measure current that is around 10A you would break the circuit at nodes you would like to measure and put the probes from the DMM on each end of the broken nodes. The DMM has a max of 12A and should be able to measure any circuit with around 10A current.Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-46052034515069935042016-01-14T10:56:00.000-08:002016-01-14T10:56:00.231-08:00Friday, 1/15/2016:<br />
<br />
This circuit can be implemented in a Rube Goldberg machine. A possibility is having someone shine a flashlight onto the sensor and then having the motor power a wheel that would drop a ball onto another part of the machine. A picture of our circuit diagram is below.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjoqtRVzjHfsC5Uye-hnEErrG1VvX-NssdCWtwWr-k3CgXuLAPBuVDstcwPRHn9viYFIhEYBcLIpW6728b5Pd5hzmg-bW9KyiNUSD8eMA4PHGiIbakb5-VToQ22GYo4URXQdD9ozE7tile/s1600/Rube+Goldberg+Diagram.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjoqtRVzjHfsC5Uye-hnEErrG1VvX-NssdCWtwWr-k3CgXuLAPBuVDstcwPRHn9viYFIhEYBcLIpW6728b5Pd5hzmg-bW9KyiNUSD8eMA4PHGiIbakb5-VToQ22GYo4URXQdD9ozE7tile/s320/Rube+Goldberg+Diagram.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-71502355217650268282016-01-14T10:34:00.001-08:002016-01-15T06:08:24.638-08:00Wednesday 1/13/2016:<br />
<br />
1. The difference between measuring voltage and current using a DMM is that when you are measuring voltage you place the probes on the node where you want to know the voltage and the probes must be in parallel with the nodes.. When you measure current you need to break the circuit and then place the nodes on the two broken parts of the circuit. For measuring current the probes must be in series with the nodes.<br />
<br />
2. You can get three different voltage values from the power supply at one time. Two of these values can have their voltage changed between 1-24 volts. The third is always 5 volts.<br />
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3. We built a practice circuit in class, it is pictured below and there is a video of it as well.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfURqrNFwrKpvzGa7syuR4IXsxlO6SMltaw8ffXDWz49KW5biaARc8nuFxb7fG34aaZCEg9-yRLj3OXQR2MnzUZ_Z7zDcVdjk8QqBkJoCLVlh35EqLNOzV5IiCtUPUZJz6cE_zMamVpBIk/s1600/practice+circuit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfURqrNFwrKpvzGa7syuR4IXsxlO6SMltaw8ffXDWz49KW5biaARc8nuFxb7fG34aaZCEg9-yRLj3OXQR2MnzUZ_Z7zDcVdjk8QqBkJoCLVlh35EqLNOzV5IiCtUPUZJz6cE_zMamVpBIk/s320/practice+circuit.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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4. To prove Ohm's law we used resistors that we measured the values of and then used the practice circuit above with 5 different know voltages`. We then measured the amperage of the circuit and using the equation V=IR we solved for the resistance to check that it was close to what we measured. A picture of our work is below.<br />
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5. The final project we worked on a set up for a Rube Goldberg project. Our circuit was powered by our power supply and used a light sensor. When a light was shined on the sensor it powered a motor. A video of our circuit is below.</div>
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Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3981281668495548711.post-29793852454001866702016-01-13T21:45:00.000-08:002016-01-14T10:36:52.919-08:00Monday, 1/11/2016:<br />
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1. The class is formatted to where we will meet three days of the week, Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Monday and Wednesday will be two hour classes while Friday will only meet for one hour. On every Monday there will be a pre-quiz and every Friday a post quiz. The majority of the rest of the time will be spent on labs.<br />
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2. The important safety rules are:<br />
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<li>Do not work alone on energize electrical equipment.</li>
<li>Power must be switched off whenever an experiment or project is being assembled or disassembled. Discharge any high voltage point to ground with a well-insulted jumper. Remember that capacitors can store dangerous quantities of energy.</li>
<li>Make measurements in live circuit with well insulated probes and one hand behind your back. Do not allow any part of your body to contact any part of the circuit of equipment connected to the circuit.</li>
<li>Never touch electrical equipment while standing on a damp or metal floor.</li>
<li>Never handle wet, damp or ungrounded electrical equipment.</li>
<li>Wearing a ring or watch can be hazardous in an electrical laboratory since such items make good electrodes for the human body.</li>
<li>Never lunge for a falling part of a live circuit such as leads or measuring instruments.</li>
<li>Never touch two pieces of equipment simultaneously.</li>
<li>Never touch even one wire of a circuit; it may be "hot".</li>
<li>Avoid heat dissipating surfaces of high wattage resistors and loads because they can cause severe burns.</li>
<li>Some components have exposed metal that is electrically "hot". Take extra care when working with these components.</li>
<li>Ask the instructor to check out your constructed circuit before applying power.</li>
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3. Current kills! Between .1 to .2 Amps current can kill you. Higher than .2 it may not kill you but you may experience severe burns and breathing can stop.</div>
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4. To read color codes on resistors you need to look at the colored bands on the resistor. The bands are read from left to right and each color has a different meaning. There is a video below that we made showing you a resistor!<br />
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5. Tolerance is the range of acceptable values that a resistor may have. For example, we read that a resistor should have 1,500 Ohms of resistance with +/- 5%. The +/- 5% is the tolerance, and when read with a multi meter the resistor had a value of roughly 1487 ohms. That is within the tolerance of this resistor.<br />
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6. To prove that all of our resistors are within tolerance range we measured each with the multi meter. Each of the resistors read within the +/- range that was specified.</div>
Depalma Jianghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07334373423081816126noreply@blogger.com2